![cover image](https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Clausewitz.jpg/640px-Clausewitz.jpg&w=640&q=50)
Carl von Clausewitz
Prussian general and military theorist (1780–1831) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Carl Philipp Gottfried (or Gottlieb) von Clausewitz[note 1] (German pronunciation: [ˌkaʁl fɔn ˈklaʊ̯zəvɪt͡s] ⓘ; 1 July 1780 – 16 November 1831)[1] was a Prussian general and military theorist who stressed the "moral" (in modern terms meaning psychological) and political aspects of waging war. His most notable work, Vom Kriege ("On War"), though unfinished at his death, is considered a seminal treatise on military strategy and science.
Carl von Clausewitz | |
---|---|
![]() Carl von Clausewitz, while in Prussian service, painted by Wilhelm Wach in early 1830s. | |
Birth name | Carl Philipp Gottfried von Clausewitz |
Born | (1780-07-01)1 July 1780 Burg bei Magdeburg, Kingdom of Prussia, Holy Roman Empire |
Died | 16 November 1831(1831-11-16) (aged 51) Breslau, Province of Silesia, Kingdom of Prussia (present-day Wrocław, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland) |
Allegiance |
|
Service/ | Prussian Army |
Years of service | 1792–1831 |
Rank | Major general |
Unit | Russian–German Legion (III Corps) |
Commands held | Kriegsakademie |
Battles/wars |
Clausewitz stressed the multiplex interaction of diverse factors in war, noting how unexpected developments unfolding under the "fog of war" (i.e., in the face of incomplete, dubious, and often erroneous information and great fear, doubt, and excitement) call for rapid decisions by alert commanders. He saw history as a vital check on erudite abstractions that did not accord with experience. In contrast to the early work of Antoine-Henri Jomini, he argued that war could not be quantified or reduced to mapwork, geometry, and graphs. Clausewitz had many aphorisms, of which the most famous is "War is the continuation of policy with other means" (often misquoted as "... by other means").[2]: 87 [3][dubious – discuss]