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Caciquism
Network of political influence exercised by local potentates known as "caciques". / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Caciquism is a network of political power wielded by local leaders called "caciques", aimed at influencing electoral outcomes. It is a feature of some modern-day societies with incomplete democratization.[1][2]
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In historiography, journalism, and intellectual circles of the era, the term describes the political system of the Bourbon Restoration in Spain (1874-1923). Joaquín Costa's influential essay Oligarchie et Caciquisme [fr] ("Oligarchy and Caciquism") in 1901 popularized the term.[3] Nonetheless, caciquism was also prevalent in earlier periods in the country, particularly during the reign of Isabella II.[4] It was also utilized in other systems, such as in Portugal during the Constitutional Monarchy (1820-1910)[5] as well as in Argentina[6] and Mexico[7] during a similar time period.