Atrociraptor
Extinct genus of dinosaurs / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Atrociraptor is a genus of dromaeosaurid dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now Alberta, Canada. The first specimen, a partial skull, was discovered in 1995 by the fossil collector Wayne Marshall in the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, about 5 km (3.1 mi) from the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, where it was brought to for preparation. In 2004, the specimen became the holotype of the new genus and species Atrociraptor marshalli; the generic name is Latin for "savage robber", and the specific name references Marshall. The holotype consists of the premaxillae (frontmost bones of the upper jaw), a maxilla (main bone of the upper jaw), the dentaries (tooth-bearing bones of the lower jaw), associated teeth, and other skull fragments. Isolated teeth from the same formation have since been assigned to Atrociraptor.
Atrociraptor | |
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Holotype jaw remains in the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Clade: | Dinosauria |
Clade: | Saurischia |
Clade: | Theropoda |
Family: | †Dromaeosauridae |
Clade: | †Eudromaeosauria |
Subfamily: | †Saurornitholestinae |
Genus: | †Atrociraptor Currie & Varricchio, 2004 |
Species: | †A. marshalli |
Binomial name | |
†Atrociraptor marshalli Currie & Varricchio, 2004 | |
Estimated to have measured about 1.8–2 m (5.9–6.6 ft) in length and weighed 15 kg (33 lb), Atrociraptor was a relatively small dromaeosaurid. As a dromaeosaurid, it would have had a large sickle-claw on the second toe and had pennaceous feathers. Atrociraptor mainly differs from its contemporary relatives in that its face is much deeper, in that its maxillary teeth are more strongly inclined backwards than in most other dromaeosaurids, and in the teeth being almost all the same size. It also differed from most relatives in details of the skull such as the part of the premaxilla below the nostril being taller than long, and in that its maxillary fenestra was larger. The fragmentary nature of the holotype has made the exact relations of Atrociraptor uncertain; it was initially thought to be a velociraptorine, but is now considered a saurornitholestine.
Atrociraptor is thought to have been specialised for attacking larger prey than other dromsaeosaurids, due to its deep snout. Various ideas for how dromaeosaurids used their sickle-claws have been proposed, and a 2011 study suggested they used them to restrain struggling prey while dismembering them with the mouth, and flapping the wings to stabilise their position. The holotype specimen is known from the Horsethief Member of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, which dates to the Maastrichtian age, and ranges from around 72.2—71.5 million years ago. Assigned teeth from other parts of the formation indicate it survived later as well (for over 2 million years) and in a wider geographic area. It lived alongside a variety of dinosaurs, including ceratopsians, hadrosaurs, ankylosaurs, and various theropods.