Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
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Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a rare form of muscular dystrophy with symptoms generally starting when an individual is 40 to 50 years old. It can be autosomal dominant neuromuscular disease or autosomal recessive. The most common inheritance of OPMD is autosomal dominant, which means only one copy of the mutated gene needs to be present in each cell. Children of an affected parent have a 50% chance of inheriting the mutant gene.[2]
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy | |
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Other names | Muscular dystrophy, oculopharyngeal [1] |
Autosomal dominant in majority of cases (autosomal recessive minority) | |
Specialty | Neurology |
Symptoms | Dysphagia[2] |
Causes | Mutations on the PABPN1 gene[3] |
Diagnostic method | Muscle biopsy[2] |
Treatment | Orthopedic devices for management [1] |
Autosomal dominant inheritance is the most common form of inheritance. Less commonly, OPMD can be inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means that two copies of the mutated gene need to be present in each cell, both parents need to be carriers of the mutated gene, and usually show no signs or symptoms. The PABPN1 mutation contains a GCG trinucleotide repeat [4] at the 5' end of the coding region, and expansion of this repeat which then leads to autosomal dominant oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) disease.[5][3]