Bipolar neuron
Neuron with only one axon and one dendrite / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A bipolar neuron, or bipolar cell, is a type of neuron characterized by having both an axon and a dendrite extending from the soma (cell body) in opposite directions. These neurons are predominantly found in the retina and olfactory system. [1] The embryological period encompassing weeks seven through eight marks the commencement of bipolar neuron development. [2] Many bipolar cells are specialized sensory neurons (afferent neurons) for the transmission of sense. As such, they are part of the sensory pathways for smell, sight, taste, hearing, touch, balance and proprioception. The other shape classifications of neurons include unipolar, pseudounipolar and multipolar. During embryonic development, pseudounipolar neurons begin as bipolar in shape but become pseudounipolar as they mature.[3]
Bipolar neuron | |
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Details | |
Identifiers | |
Latin | neuron bipolare |
TH | H2.00.06.1.00050 |
FMA | 67282 |
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy |
Common examples are the retina bipolar cell, the spiral ganglion and vestibular ganglion of the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII),[4] the extensive use of bipolar cells to transmit efferent (motor) signals to control muscles and olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium for smell (axons form the olfactory nerve).[citation needed]