Botswana
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Botswana (English: Land of the Tswana; /bɒtˈswɑːnə/ (pulikizgani machemelo), kweneso UK: /bʊt-, bʊˈtʃw-/[14]),mwaboma, Charu cha Botswana, ni chalo icho chili ku Southern Africa. Charu cha Botswana chili pa malo ghapachanya chomene, ndipo pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya chigaŵa chake ni mapopa gha Kalahari. Charu ichi chili kumafumiro gha dazi na kumwera kwa South Africa, kumanjiliro gha dazi na kumpoto kwa Namibia, na kumpoto kwa Zimbabwe. Mlonga wa Kazungula ndiwo ukuwovwira kuti charu cha Zambia chiŵe pa mtende.[15]
Charu cha Botswana Lefatshe la Botswana (Tswana)
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Chiluso: Pula "Rain" |
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Nyimbo: Fatshe leno la rona "Blessed Be This Noble Land" |
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Msumba Waboma kweneso Msumba Usani | Gaborone | |||||
Chiyowoyelo chaboma | English[1] | |||||
National language | Setswana[1] | |||||
Mitundu ya Ŵanthu (2012[2]) |
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Vipembezo |
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Mwenecharu |
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Mtundu wa Boma | Unitary dominant-party parliamentary republic with an executive presidency[4][5] | |||||
- | President | Mokgweetsi Masisi[6] | ||||
- | Vice-President | Slumber Tsogwane | ||||
- | National Assembly Speaker | Phandu Skelemani | ||||
Independence from the United Kingdom | ||||||
- | Established (Constitution) | 30 September 1966 | ||||
Ukulu wa Malo | ||||||
- | Malo | 581,730 km2[7] (47th) 224,610 sq mi |
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- | Maji (%) | 2.7 | ||||
Chiŵelengelo cha ŵanthu | ||||||
- | 2022 estimate | 2,384,246[8] (145th) | ||||
- | 2022 census | 2,359,609 [9] | ||||
- | Density | 4.1/km2 (231st) 10.62/sq mi |
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GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $47.04 billion [10] (123rd) | ||||
- | Per capita | $19,199[10] (77th) | ||||
GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate | |||||
- | Total | $18.00 billion[10] (127th) | ||||
- | Per capita | $7,348 [10] (87th) | ||||
Gini (2015) | 53.3[11] high |
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HDI (2021) | 0.693[12] medium ·117th |
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Ndalama | Pula (BWP ) |
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Mtundu Wanyengo | Central Africa Time[13] (UTC+2) | |||||
Kalembelo kasiku | dd/mm/yyyy | |||||
Woko la galimoto | left | |||||
Intaneti yacharu | .bw | |||||
Website www |
Mu charu ichi muli ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 2.3 miliyoni[16]. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tswana ndiwo ŵakukhala mu chigaŵa ichi.[17]Ŵanthu pafupifupi 11.6 pa 100 ŵaliwose ŵakukhala mu msumba ukuru wa Gaborone. Kale yikaŵa yimoza mwa vyaru vikavu comene pa caru capasi, ndipo paumaliro wa m'ma 1960, GDP ya munthu yumoza yikaŵa pafupifupi madola 70 pa caka.[18]
Ŵanthu ŵa mazuŵa ghano ŵakamba kukhala mu charu ichi vyaka vyakujumpha 200,000 ivyo vyajumpha. Ŵanthu ŵa mtundu wa Tswana ŵakafuma ku mafuko agho ghakalongosoranga chiyowoyero cha Bantu, agho ghakasamukira kumwera kwa Africa ku Botswana cha m'ma 600 C.E., ndipo ŵakakhalanga mu vikaya vya mafuko. Mu 1885, Ŵanung'una ŵakamba kulamulira chigaŵa ichi ndipo ŵakachilongora kuŵa chigaŵa chakulongozgeka na boma la Bechuanaland. Apo boma la Bechuanaland likaleka kulamulira charu ichi, likazgoka charu chakujiyimira paŵekha pa 30 Seputembala 1966. Kufuma waka pa nyengo iyi, charu ichi chili na wanangwa wakusankha ŵanthu, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuchita makora pa nkhani ya chisopa.
Vinthu vikuru chomene mu charu ichi ni migodi, viŵeto, na vyakusanguluska. Dziko la Botswana lili na GDP (purchasing power parity) pa munthu yumoza ya $18,113 pa chaka cha 2021, yimoza mwa vyaru vyapachanya chomene mu Africa. Charu cha Botswana ndicho chikupanga dayamondi zinandi chomene pa charu chose. Ndalama izo charu ichi chikusanga pa munthu yumoza (ndipo ni chachinayi pa vyaru vyose vya mu Africa) zikovwira kuti ŵanthu ŵakhalenge makora kweniso kuti chiŵe na ndandanda ya ŵanthu awo ŵakukura chomene mu vyaru vya ku Africa (panyuma pa Gabon na South Africa).[19][12]Dziko la Botswana ndilo dziko loyamba ku Africa kulandira Forbes 30 Under 30 ndi 2017 Netball World Youth Cup.
Charu cha Botswana chili mu wupu wa Southern African Customs Union, Southern African Development Community, Commonwealth of Nations, na United Nations. Caru ici cikakhwaskika comene na nthenda ya HIV na AIDS. Mu 2002, charu cha Botswana ndicho chikaŵa chakwamba kupeleka munkhwala wakukoma majeremusi. Nangauli pakaŵa ndondomeko zakovwira ŵanthu kuti ŵamanye makora matenda agha, kweni chiŵelengero cha ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa na nthenda iyi chikakwera kufuma pa 290,000 mu 2005 kufika pa 320,000 mu 2013.:A20 Mu 2014, charu cha Botswana ndicho chikaŵa na nthenda iyi pa charu chose. Ndipouli, mu vyaka vyasonosono apa, caru ici caŵa na suzgo la HIV na AIDS.[20][21]