Fluorine (symbol F) is a chemical element that is very poisonous. Its atomic number (which is the number of protons in it) is 9, and its atomic mass is 19. It is part of the Group 7 (halogens) on the periodic table of elements.
Quick Facts Pronunciation, Allotropes ...
Fluorine, 00F![Small sample of pale yellow liquid fluorine condensed in liquid nitrogen](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liquid_fluorine_tighter_crop.jpg/220px-Liquid_fluorine_tighter_crop.jpg) |
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Pronunciation | |
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Allotropes | alpha, beta (see Allotropes of fluorine) |
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Appearance | gas: very pale yellow liquid: bright yellow solid: alpha is opaque, beta is transparent |
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| 18.998403163(6)[1] |
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Group | group 17 (halogens) |
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Period | period 2 |
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Block | p-block |
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Electron configuration | [He] 2s2 2p5 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 7 |
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Phase at STP | gas |
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Melting point | 53.48 K (−219.67 °C, −363.41 °F) |
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Boiling point | 85.03 K (−188.11 °C, −306.60 °F) |
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Density (at STP) | 1.696 g/L |
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when liquid (at b.p.) | 1.505 g/cm3 |
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Triple point | 53.48 K, 90 kPa |
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Critical point | 144.41 K, 5.1724 MPa |
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Heat of vaporization | 6.51 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | Cp: 31 J/(mol·K) (at 21.1 °C) Cv: 23 J/(mol·K) (at 21.1 °C) |
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Vapor pressure
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
38 |
44 |
50 |
58 |
69 |
85 |
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Oxidation states | −1, 0[6] (oxidizes oxygen) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 3.98 |
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Ionization energies | - 1st: 1681 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 3374 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 6147 kJ/mol
- (more)
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Covalent radius | 64 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 135 pm |
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Spectral lines of fluorine |
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Natural occurrence | primordial |
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Crystal structure | cubic |
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Thermal conductivity | 0.02591 W/(m⋅K) |
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Magnetic ordering | diamagnetic (−1.2×10−4) |
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CAS Number | 7782-41-4 |
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Naming | after the mineral fluorite, itself named after Latin fluo (to flow, in smelting) |
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Discovery | André-Marie Ampère (1810) |
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First isolation | Henri Moissan (June 26, 1886) |
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Named by | Humphry Davy |
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Category: Fluorine | references |
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A more real picture of fluorine