John Locke
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John Locke FRS (/lɒk/; 29 ga Agusta 1632 -28 ga Oktoba 1704) wani masanin falsafa ne kuma likita dan kasar Ingila, wanda aka fi sani da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masu tunani na Fadakarwa kuma wanda akafi sani da "father of 'liberalism". An yi la'akari ya ɗaya daga cikin na farko na masu mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya, bin al'adar Francis Bacon, Locke yana da mahimmanci ga ka'idar kwangilar zamantakewa. Ayyukansa sun shafi ci gaban ilimin kimiyya da falsafar siyasa. Rubuce-rubucensa sun rinjayi Voltaire da Jean-Jacques Rousseau, da kuma masu tunani da yawa na Hasken Scotland, da kuma juyin juya halin Amurka. Gudunmawar da ya bayar ga tsarin jamhuriya na gargajiya da ka'idar sassaucin ra'ayi suna nunawa a cikin sanarwar 'Yancin kai na Amurka. [1] A duniya baki daya, ka'idojin siyasa-dokar Locke na ci gaba da yin tasiri mai zurfi kan ka'idar da ayyuka na gwamnati mai iyaka da kare hakki da 'yanci na asali a karkashin doka. [2]
John Locke | |
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Rayuwa | |
Haihuwa | Wrington (en) , 29 ga Augusta, 1632 |
ƙasa | Kingdom of England (en) |
Mutuwa | High Laver (en) , 28 Oktoba 1704 |
Makwanci | High Laver (en) |
Yanayin mutuwa | Sababi na ainihi (Ciwon zuciya) |
Ƴan uwa | |
Mahaifi | John Locke |
Mahaifiya | Agnes Keene |
Abokiyar zama | Not married |
Ahali | Thomas Locke (en) |
Karatu | |
Makaranta |
Westminster School (en) (1647 - Christ Church (en) (1652 - 1675) |
Harsuna |
Turanci Harshen Latin |
Sana'a | |
Sana'a | mai falsafa, ɗan siyasa, likita, marubuci, scientist (en) da philosopher of law (en) |
Employers |
Jami'ar Oxford Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (en) Caleb Banks (en) |
Muhimman ayyuka |
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (en) Two Treatises of Government (en) A Letter Concerning Toleration (en) Some Thoughts Concerning Education (en) Of the Conduct of the Understanding (en) The prince and the cobbler (en) |
Kyaututtuka |
gani
|
Wanda ya ja hankalinsa | Thomas Hobbes (en) , René Descartes, Hugo Grotius (en) , Robert Filmer (en) , Samuel von Pufendorf (en) , Thomas Sydenham (en) , Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (en) da Damaris Cudworth Masham (en) |
Mamba | Royal Society (en) |
Fafutuka | empiricism (en) |
Imani | |
Addini | Protestan bangaskiya |
Sau da yawa ana ambaton ka'idar Locke a matsayin asalin tunanin zamani na identity and the self wanda ya yi fice a cikin ayyukan masana falsafa na baya kamar Jean-Jacques Rousseau, David Hume, da Immanuel Kant. Locke shine farkon wanda ya ayyana self ta hanyar ci gaba da sani.
Ya sanya cewa, lokacin haihuwa, mind ba komai bane, ko tabula rasa . Sabanin falsafar Cartesian dangane da abubuwan da suka rigaya sun kasance, ya ci gaba da cewa an haife mu ba tare da ra'ayoyi na asali ba, kuma ilimin da aka ƙaddara shi ne kawai ta hanyar kwarewa da aka samo daga fahimtar hankali, ra'ayi da aka sani da empiricism.
Da yake nuna akidar kimiyya a cikin abubuwan da ya gani, wanda dole ne wani abu ya kasance mai iya gwadawa akai-akai kuma babu wani abu da ya kebe daga karya, Locke ya bayyana cewa "duk abin da na rubuta, da zarar na gano cewa ba gaskiya ba ne, hannuna zai kasance. wanda zai jefa shi a cikin wuta”. Irin wannan misali ɗaya ne na gaskatawar Locke ga empiriricism.[3]