Yuzhny Oleny
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Yuzhny Oleny ("Southern Reindeer"), also Yuzhniy Oleniy, is an archaeological site located on Yuzhny Oleny island (Russian: Южный Олений остров, romanized: Yuzhniy Oleniy ostrov), in Lake Onega, Karelia.
Location of Yuzhny Oleny.[1] | |
Location | Karelia, Russia |
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Coordinates | 62.050022°N 35.358273°E / 62.050022; 35.358273 |
Type | Burial site |
History | |
Periods | Late Upper Paleolithic to Mesolithic |
Remains of Eastern Hunter-Gatherers dated to circa 8,100 BP (6,100 BCE) have been excavated at Yuzhny Oleny.[2] A total of 19 Eastern Hunter-Gatherer genomes were extracted from Yuzhny Oleny, which had comparable or lower WHG ancestry compared to other EHG groups.[3] The Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) ancestry is the main component of the Yuzhny Oleny group, and is particularly high among them compared to the rest of the Eastern Hunter-Gatherers (EHG).[4] The 11 ka Sidelkino individual from Samara in western Russia also had a virtually identical profile with the members of the Yuzhniy Oleniy group.[3] The genes of the Yuzhny Oleni were transmitted to the people of the Yamnaya Culture, and to Scandinavia through a western route.[4]
The Eastern Hunter-Gatherer people established themselves in Karelia soon after the retreat of the ice sheet, circa 10,000 years before present (BP).[5] The first implements were made of stone, but ceramics were introduced circa 5,000 BCE.[5]
- Reconstruction of burial No. 132 of the Oleneostrovsky burial ground (Yuzhni Oleny island, Lake Onega). Exhibit of the National Museum of the Republic of Karelia.[6]
- Artifacts and reconstruction of the deceased (by Gerasimov) in tomb No. 132 from Yuzhni Oleny island.[6]
- Forensic reconstruction by Gerasimov of individual in tomb No. 132 in Yuzhi Oleny island