User:Mr. Ibrahem/Methamphetamine
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Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəmiːn/ |
Trade names | Desoxyn, Methedrine, others |
Other names | N-methylamphetamine, N,α-dimethylphenethylamine, desoxyephedrine |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
License data |
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Dependence liability | Physical: None; Psychological: High |
Addiction liability | High |
Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Amphetamine |
Legal status | |
Legal status |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | By mouth: 70%[1] IV: 100%[1] |
Protein binding | Varies widely[2] |
Metabolism | CYP2D6[3][4] and FMO3[5][6] |
Onset of action | Rapid[7] |
Elimination half-life | 5–30 hours[8] |
Duration of action | 10–20 hours[7] |
Excretion | Primarily kidney |
Identifiers | |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C10H15N |
Molar mass | 149.237 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Chirality | Racemic mixture |
Melting point | 170 °C (338 °F) [9] |
Boiling point | 212 °C (414 °F) at 760 mmHg[9] |
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Methamphetamine[note 1] is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and obesity.[13][10] Use for obesity is no longer recommended.[14] When taken by mouth effects begin within 30 minutes and may last for up to 24 hours.[14][10]
Common side effects include high blood pressure, palpitations, elevate mood, trouble sleeping, tremor, diarrhea, and sexual dysfunction.[14] Other side effects may include psychosis, mania, seizures, high body temperature, and tics.[14][15] There is a high risk abuse; though deaths directly from use is rare.[14][10] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby and breastfeeding following using is not recommended.[14][16] It is in the amphetamine family of medication.[14]
Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and first manufactured in 1919.[17][10] It is most commonly made in illegal facilities in the United States and Far East.[10] Recreationally it may be swallowed, snorted, injected, or smoked.[10] It is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance.[10] The production, distribution, and possession of methamphetamine is restricted or banned in many countries.[18] In Europe it costs about 17 to 64 Euro per gram for an illegal supply as of 2018.[19] About 27 million people used amphetamines, most methamphetamine, in 2019.[20]