Temazepam
Insomnia medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Temazepam, sold under the brand name Restoril among others, is a medication of the benzodiazepine class which is generally used to treat severe or debilitating insomnia.[8] It is taken by mouth.[8] Temazepam is rapidly absorbed, and significant hypnotic effects begin in less than 30 minutes and can last for up to eight hours.[9][7] Prescriptions for hypnotics such as temazepam have seen a dramatic decrease since 2010, while anxiolytics such as alprazolam, clonazepam, and lorazepam have increased or remained stable.[10] Temazepam and similar hypnotics, such as triazolam (Halcion) are generally reserved for severe and debilitating insomnia. They have largely been replaced by z-drugs (zopiclone, zolpidem) and atypical antidepressants (trazodone, mirtazapine) as first line treatment for insomnia.[8]
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Trade names | Restoril, Normison, Nortem, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a684003 |
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Dependence liability | High[1][unreliable medical source?] |
Routes of administration | By mouth |
Drug class | Benzodiazepine |
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Bioavailability | 96% |
Metabolism | Liver |
Elimination half-life | 8–20 hours |
Duration of action | ≤8 hours[7] |
Excretion | Kidney |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.011.535 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C16H13ClN2O2 |
Molar mass | 300.74 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include drowsiness, motor and cognitive impairment, lethargy, confusion, euphoria, and dizziness.[8] Serious side effects may include hallucinations, hypotension, respiratory depression, abuse, anaphylaxis, and suicide.[8] Use is generally not recommended together with alcohol or opioids.[8] If the dose is rapidly decreased withdrawal may occur.[8] Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not recommended.[11] Temazepam is a short-acting benzodiazepine and hypnotic.[8][7] It works by affecting GABA within the brain.[8]
Temazepam was patented in 1962 and came into medical use in 1969.[12] It is available as a generic medication.[13] In 2021, it was the 208th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.[14][15]