PTX3
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Pentraxin-related protein PTX3 also known as TNF-inducible gene 14 protein (TSG-14) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PTX3 gene.[5][6]
Pentraxin 3 (ptx3) is a member of the pentraxin superfamily. This super family characterized by cyclic multimeric structure.[7] PTX3 is rapidly produced and released by several cell types, in particular by mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), fibroblasts and endothelial cells in response to primary inflammatory signals [e.g., toll-like receptor (TLR) engagement, TNFα, IL-1β].[8][9] PTX3 binds with high affinity to the complement component C1q, the extracellular matrix component TNFα induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6; also called TNF-stimulated gene 6, TSG-6) and selected microorganisms, including Aspergillus fumigatus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.[10][11][12][13][14]
PTX3 activates the classical pathway of complement activation and facilitates pathogen recognition by macrophages and DCs.[9][10][12]