Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine
Viral vector vaccine for prevention of COVID-19 by Oxford University and AstraZeneca / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID‑19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Covishield[31] and Vaxzevria[1][32] among others, is a viral vector vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19. It was developed in the United Kingdom by Oxford University and British-Swedish company AstraZeneca,[33][34][35] using as a vector the modified chimpanzee adenovirus ChAdOx1.[36] The vaccine is given by intramuscular injection. Studies carried out in 2020 showed that the efficacy of the vaccine is 76.0% at preventing symptomatic COVID-19 beginning at 22 days following the first dose and 81.3% after the second dose.[37] A study in Scotland found that, for symptomatic COVID-19 infection after the second dose, the vaccine is 81% effective against the Alpha variant (lineage B.1.1.7) and 61% against the Delta variant (lineage B.1.617.2).[38]
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Target | SARS-CoV-2 |
Vaccine type | Viral vector |
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Trade names | Vaxzevria,[1] Covishield[2][3] |
Other names | AZD1222,[4][5] ChAdOx1 nCoV-19,[6] ChAdOx1-S,[7] COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca,[8][9] AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine,[10] AZD2816[11] |
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Pregnancy category | |
Routes of administration | Intramuscular |
ATC code | |
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The vaccine is stable at refrigerator temperatures and has a good safety profile, with side effects including injection-site pain, headache, and nausea, all generally resolving within a few days.[39][40] More rarely, anaphylaxis may occur; the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has 268 reports out of some 21.2 million vaccinations as of 14 April 2021[update].[40] In very rare cases (around 1 in 100,000 people), the vaccine has been associated with an increased risk of blood clots when in combination with low levels of blood platelets (embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination).[41][42][1] According to the European Medicines Agency, as of 4 April 2021, a total of 222 cases of blood clots had been recorded among 34 million people who had been vaccinated in the European Economic Area (a percentage of 0.0007%).[43]
On 30 December 2020, the vaccine was first approved for use in the UK vaccination programme,[26][44][45] and the first vaccination outside of a trial was administered on 4 January 2021.[46] The vaccine has since been approved by several medicine agencies worldwide, such as the European Medicines Agency (EMA),[1][29] and the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (provisional approval in February 2021),[7][47] and was approved for an Emergency Use Listing by the World Health Organization (WHO).[48] More than 3 billion doses of the vaccine were supplied to countries worldwide.[49] Some countries have limited its use to elderly people at higher risk for severe COVID-19 illness due to concerns over the very rare side effects of the vaccine in younger individuals.[50]
The vaccine is no longer in production owing to the subsidence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the availability of updated vaccines. AstraZeneca withdrew its marketing authorizations for the vaccine from the European market on 27 March 2024,[51] and worldwide by 7 May 2024.[52]