Ethiopian civil conflict (2018–present)
Episode of intrastate conflicts during Abiy Ahmed's administration / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Following the 2018 dissolution of the ethnic federalist, dominant party political coalition, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, there was an increase in tensions within the country, with newly resurgent regional and ethnically based factions carrying out armed attacks on military and civilians in multiple conflicts throughout Ethiopia.[37][38][39][40]
Ethiopian civil war (2018–present) | ||||||||
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Part of the conflicts in the Horn of Africa | ||||||||
Territorial control as of December 2023[lower-alpha 1] (For a more detailed, up-to-date, interactive map, see here). Pro-federal government troops Anti-federal government rebels | ||||||||
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Belligerents | ||||||||
Arms suppliers: |
Fano militia (2023–)[20] | |||||||
Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
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Ali Diyaar[22] Osman Abu Abdi Rahman[23] | |||||||
Units involved | ||||||||
Unknown | ||||||||
Casualties and losses | ||||||||
10,383+ killed[24] 8,000 captured[25][26] 2 MiG-23 lost[27][28] 2 Mi-35 lost[29][30][31] 1 C-130 lost[32] 1,555+ killed[33] | 5,600 killed, 2,300 injured, 2,000 captured (Ethiopian military claim)[34][35] | 800+ killed, 100 captured (Ethiopian claim)[36] | ||||||
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After two-years long unrests and protests and a state of emergency, Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn resigned from office on 15 February 2018 as prime minister and EPRDF chairman, hoping to end the decade longstanding conflict and political upheaval in the country.[41] In March 2018, the EPRDF nominated Abiy Ahmed to succeed him as prime minister and was elected by the Ethiopian parliament on 2 April.[42] The 42-years old Abiy reformed the country's economy and politics, released political prisoners and opposition group members as well as return the exiled members, relaxed the press freedom and granted diverse political groups the freedom to mobilize and organize. He was awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 2019 for ending 20 years war between Ethiopia and Eritrea. As opponent of ethnic federalism, his transformative politics saw the reversal of the former regime policies of ethnic-based politics enshrined in the 1995 Constitution. However, it exacerbated competition and resentment over the former coalition parties and pushes the country toward further interethnic tensions.
These tensions further escalated when war broke out in the Tigray region between the federal government and the regional government in November 2020. The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) and Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) entered Tigray and took the capital of Mekelle. The Tigray Defense Forces retook control of most of Tigray in mid-2021 and formed an alliance with the OLA in late 2021.[43][14] The alliance declared a coalition with seven smaller rebel groups, called the United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces.[44] After two years, both TPLF and the Ethiopian government signed peace treaty in Pretoria on 2 November 2022, but still some sporadic civil conflicts occurred afterwards such as Gambela unrest, OLA insurgency and War in Amhara, the latter two carried out by OLA and Fano militants against the government. In total, the civil wars spawned substantial human rights violations including ethnic cleansing, genocide, war crimes and extrajudicial killings.[45]