Enrofloxacin
Chemical compound / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Enrofloxacin, sold under the brand name Baytril, among others, is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of animals.[1] It is a bactericidal agent.[1]
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Trade names | Baytril, others |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, subcutaneous, intramuscular |
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Bioavailability | 80% in dogs, 65-75% in sheep [4] |
Metabolism | Kidney and non-kidney[4] |
Elimination half-life | 4–5 hours in dogs, 6 hours in cats, 1.5 - 4.5 hours in sheep |
Excretion | Bile duct (70%); kidney (30%)[5] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.131.355 |
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Formula | C19H22FN3O3 |
Molar mass | 359.401 g·mol−1 |
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Melting point | 219 to 221 °C (426 to 430 °F) |
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The bactericidal activity of enrofloxacin is concentration-dependent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20–30 minutes of exposure. Enrofloxacin has demonstrated a significant post-antibiotic effect for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and is active in both stationary and growth phases of bacterial replication. Enrofloxacin is partially deethylated by CYP450 into the active metabolite ciprofloxacin, which is also a fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
In September 2005, the FDA withdrew approval of enrofloxacin for use in water to treat flocks of poultry, as the practice was noted to promote the evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of the bacterium Campylobacter, a human pathogen.[6] Enrofloxacin is available as a fixed-dose combination medication with silver sulfadiazine for the treatment of canine otitis externa.[7] It is available as a generic medication.