Cultural-historical activity theory
Theoretical framework in psychology / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT)[1] is a theoretical framework[2] which helps to understand and analyse the relationship between the human mind (what people think and feel) and activity (what people do).[3][4][5] It traces its origins to the founders[6] of the cultural-historical school of Russian psychology L. S. Vygotsky[7] and Aleksei N. Leontiev.[8][9][10][11] Vygotsky's important insight into the dynamics of consciousness was that it is essentially subjective and shaped by the history of each individual's social and cultural experience.[12] Especially since the 1990s, CHAT has attracted a growing interest among academics worldwide.[13] Elsewhere CHAT has been defined as "a cross-disciplinary framework for studying how humans purposefully transform natural and social reality, including themselves, as an ongoing culturally and historically situated, materially and socially mediated process".[14] Core ideas are: 1) humans act collectively, learn by doing, and communicate in and via their actions; 2) humans make, employ, and adapt tools of all kinds to learn and communicate; and 3) community is central to the process of making and interpreting meaning – and thus to all forms of learning, communicating, and acting.[15][16]
The term CHAT was coined by Michael Cole[17] and popularized by Yrjö Engeström [fi][18] to promote the unity of what, by the 1990s, had become a variety of currents[19] harking back to Vygotsky's work.[20][21]