Atenolol
Beta blocker medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain.[3] Atenolol, however, does not seem to improve mortality in those with high blood pressure.[4][5] Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats.[3][6] It is taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein).[3][6] It can also be used with other blood pressure medications.[6]
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Trade names | Tenormin, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a684031 |
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Routes of administration | oral, Intravenous (IV) |
Drug class | Selective β1 receptor antagonist |
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Bioavailability | 40–50% |
Protein binding | 6–16%[2] |
Metabolism | Minimal[2] |
Onset of action | IVTooltip Intravenous injection: <5 minutes[2] Oral: <1 hour[2] |
Elimination half-life | 6–7 hours[2] |
Duration of action | >24 hours[2] |
Excretion | Urine (>85% IV, 50% oral)[2] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.044.941 |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C14H22N2O3 |
Molar mass | 266.341 g·mol−1 |
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Chirality | Racemic mixture |
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Common side effects include feeling tired, heart failure, dizziness, depression, and shortness of breath.[3] Other serious side effects include bronchial spasm.[3] Use is not recommended during pregnancy[3] and alternative drugs are preferred when breastfeeding.[7] It works by blocking β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart, thus decreasing the heart rate and workload.[3]
Atenolol was patented in 1969 and approved for medical use in 1975.[8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[9] It is available as a generic medication.[3] In 2021, it was the 47th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 14 million prescriptions.[10][11]