Aflatoxin B1
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Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. It is a very potent carcinogen with a TD50 3.2 μg/kg/day in rats.[4] This carcinogenic potency varies across species with some, such as rats and monkeys, seemingly much more susceptible than others.[5][6] Aflatoxin B1 is a common contaminant in a variety of foods including peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains;[7] as well as animal feeds.[8] Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic aflatoxin and it is highly implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans.[9] In animals, aflatoxin B1 has also been shown to be mutagenic,[10] teratogenic,[11] and to cause immunosuppression.[12] Several sampling and analytical methods including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), among others, have been used to test for aflatoxin B1 contamination in foods.[13] According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), a division of the United Nations, the worldwide maximum tolerated levels of aflatoxin B1 was reported to be in the range of 1–20 μg/kg (or .001 ppm - 1 part-per-billion) in food, and 5–50 μg/kg (.005 ppm) in dietary cattle feed in 2003.[14]
Chemical structure of (–)-aflatoxin B1 | |
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
(6aR,9aS)-4-Methoxy-2,3,6a,9a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3′,2′:4,5]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-1,11-dione | |
Other names
NSC 529592 | |
Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.013.276 |
PubChem CID |
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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Properties | |
C17H12O6 | |
Molar mass | 312.277 g·mol−1 |
Hazards | |
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Carcinogen – Mutagen – Acute toxicity / Poison[3] |
GHS labelling: | |
Danger | |
H300, H310, H330, H340, H350 | |
P201, P202, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P284, P301+P330+P331, P302+P350, P304+P340, P308+P313, P310, P311, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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