Umshumanqa uyinhlangano —imvama iqembu labantu noma inkampani—egunyazwe umbuso ukuba ibe yinhlangano eyodwa (engokomthetho neqashelwa yimithetho esobala nesisulu "njengezelwe ngokomthetho" okuyenza ibe ngumuntu ngokusemthethweni) futhi iqashelwa ngaleyondlela ngokomthetho ngokwenjongo ethile.: Izinhlangano zangaphambili zazisungulwa ngomthetho ( owawugunyazwa yinkosi noma umgwamanqa). Iningi lezindadawo ziyakuvumela ukwakhiwa kwemishimanqa emisha ngokubhalisa. Imishumanqa itholakala ngezinhlobo eziningi kodwana ihlukaniswa ngokwendawo lapho egunyazwe khona ngokusekwe ezicini ezimbili: ngokukhipha izabelo noma ukwenza imveza. Ngokucakathe enanini labaniniyo, umshumanqa ungajinjwa njengomumo ogcwele noma oyisilabi.
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