INkecesomane
insiza enyandliwe yokunanana kwezezibhangqiwe / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Inkecesomane uhlobo lwenkece yezezibhangqiwe olusebenzisa izihele zezezibhangqiwe (digital files). Iyinkece eklanyelwe ukusebenza njengensiza yokunanana ngoxhoxho lwesicikizi engancikile egunyeni eliphethe, elifana nohulumeni noma ibhange, ukuze liyisingathe noma liyinakekele. Iwuhlelo olunyombululiwe lokuqinisekisa ukuthi abahlanganyeli besinano banayo imali abathi banayo, okwenza singabikhona isidingo sabangena phakathi, njengamabhange, lapho imali ithunyelwa kusuka ngapha kuya ngale.
Iziqoshwa zobunikazi bomuntu ngamunye bezinhlamvu zigcinwa kwisiqophaminano sezezibhangqiwe (digital ledger), okuyisizindamininingo esicikizwe ngomchazanyandla oqatha wokuphephisa iziqoshwa zokuthengiselana, ukulawula ukukhanda kwezinhlamvu ezengeziwe, nokuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kobunikazi bezinhlamvu. Naphezu kwegama lazo, izinkecesomane azithathwa njengenkece yangempela ngomqondo owamukelwe, ngaphezu kokuphathwa ngezindlela ezingafani, kuhlanganisa ukujinjwa njengezithengiswa (commodities), izintwisha (securities), nezinkece, izinkecesomane ngokuvamile zithathwa njengesigaba esihlukile sezingqangqa. Ezinye izinhlelo zezinkecesomane zisebenzisa abaqinisekisi ukuze zinakekele inkecesomane. Onongweni lobufakazi bezinhlamvu (proof-of-stake), abanikazi bafaka izinhlamvu zabo njengesibambiso. Njengembuyiselo, bathola igunya kulezo zinhlamvu ngokulingana nezinhlamvu abazifakile. Ngokuvamile, labanikazi abafaka izinhlamvu bathola ubunikazi obengeziwe kuzo, emva kwesikhathi esithile. Inkecesomane ayitholakali ngesimo esiphathekayo (njengemali yephepha) futhi ayikhishwa abasemagunyeni. Izinkecesomane zivame ukusebenzisa ulawulo olunyomboluliwe ngokuphambene nenkece yezezibhangqiwe yebhangengodla (CDBC). Lapho kunyatheliswa inkecesomane, idalwa ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwayo, noma lapho ikhishwa ngoyikhiphayo, kuthathwa ngokuthi inyombonisiwe. Lapho igunundwa ngolawulo olunyomboluliwe, inkecesomane ngayinye isebenza ngobuchwepheshe besiqophaminano esabiwe, imvama ingqukuhlu, okuyibona obukhonza njengesizindamininingo sokwenanana sobala.
Inkecesomane yokuqala yaziwa ngelithi Bitcoin, yona yakhululwa okokuqala njengehlelokusebenza lomthombo' vulekile ngowezi-2009. Kusuka ngoJanuwari ngowezi-2023, kwase kukhona ezinye izinkecesomane eziyizi-25,000 endayini, phakathi kwazo, zazingama-40 ezazinoju low olwedlula inqindi eyodwa yamadola ($1 billion).