沃爾夫定律

沃爾夫定律（英語：Wolff's law）是由十九世紀時德國的解剖學家及外科醫生朱利叶斯·沃尔夫（英语：Julius Wolff）提出的理論，認為健康的人類或動物的骨骼會適應所在部位需承受的負載^[1]。若特定骨骼的負載增加了，骨骼會慢慢的變強壯，來承受該負載^[2]。骨中小梁（英语：trabecula）的內在結構會產生適應性的變化，而骨的外層皮層也會隨之變化^[3]，因此也有可能使骨骼變粗。反之亦然，若骨骼負載減少，骨骼也會變細，因為該骨骼的新陳代謝較不需要，而且沒有刺激來產生可以維持骨質量的骨的再建（英语：bone remodeling）^[4]。這種骨密度的減少（骨質缺乏（英语：osteopenia））稱為應力遮蔽（stress shielding），可能出現在髖關節手術（或是植入其他假體）後的情形。骨骼因為其他的假體承受了應力，因此讓骨骼無法承受到正常的應力。

在軟組織上，有類似的戴維斯定律（英语：Davis' law），提到軟組織如何因為適應需求而調整。
進階版的沃爾夫定律：由Harold Frost（英语：Harold Frost）提出的Utah-Paradigm of Bone physiology（機械靜力學（英语：Mechanostat）理論）^[5]。

朱利叶斯·沃尔夫（英语：Julius Wolff）
功能性基質假說（英语：Functional matrix hypothesis）
成骨負荷（英语：Osteogenic loading）

[1]
Anahad O'Connor. The Claim: After Being Broken, Bones Can Become Even Stronger. New York Times. October 18, 2010 [2010-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-18）. This concept — that bone adapts to pressure, or a lack of it — is known as Wolff’s law. ... there is no evidence that a bone that breaks will heal to be stronger than it was before.
[2]
Frost, HM. Wolff's Law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. The Angle Orthodontist. 1994, 64 (3): 175–188. PMID 8060014. doi:10.1043/0003-3219(1994)064<0175:WLABSA>2.0.CO;2.
[3]
Stedman's Medical Dictionary
[4]
Wolff J. "The Law of Bone Remodeling". Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer, 1986 (translation of the German 1892 edition)
[5]
Frost, HM. Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update. The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 2003, 275 (2): 1081–1101. PMID 14613308. doi:10.1002/ar.a.10119 .

Das Gesetz der Transformation der Knochen - 1892. Reprint: Pro Business, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86805-648-8.
The Classic: On the Inner Architecture of Bones and its Importance for Bone Growth, Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2010 Apr;468(4):1056-1065

Julius Wolff Institut （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, main research areas are the regeneration and biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system and the improvement of joint replacement.

[1] [1]
Anahad O'Connor. The Claim: After Being Broken, Bones Can Become Even Stronger. New York Times. October 18, 2010 [2010-10-19]. （原始内容存档于2014-12-18）. This concept — that bone adapts to pressure, or a lack of it — is known as Wolff’s law. ... there is no evidence that a bone that breaks will heal to be stronger than it was before.

[2] [2]
Frost, HM. Wolff's Law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians. The Angle Orthodontist. 1994, 64 (3): 175–188. PMID 8060014. doi:10.1043/0003-3219(1994)064<0175:WLABSA>2.0.CO;2.

[3] [3]
Stedman's Medical Dictionary

[Wolff1-4] [4]
Wolff J. "The Law of Bone Remodeling". Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer, 1986 (translation of the German 1892 edition)

[5] [5]
Frost, HM. Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update. The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology. 2003, 275 (2): 1081–1101. PMID 14613308. doi:10.1002/ar.a.10119 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

沃爾夫定律

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