vertebral column

脊柱（拉丁語：Columna vertebralis，英語：vertebral column或spinal column）又稱脊椎（spine）、脊梁骨（backbone），是脊椎动物位于背侧中轴的支撑性内骨骼。中枢神经系统的两大组成部分之一——脊髓，被脊柱包裹在由椎骨背部组成的椎管（spinal canal）中。

Santucci, R. M. (2005). "On a titanosaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) vertebral column from the Bauru Group, Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Arquivos do Museu

1088/0967-3334/35/12/2415.  O'Rahilly, Müller, Carpenter & Swenson. Chapter 39: The vertebral column. Basic Human Anatomy. www.dartmouth.edu. [2023-11-18]. （原始内容存档于2023-11-01）

15000 (Homo erectus)—A reassessment of congenital pathologies of the vertebral column. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 2013, 150 (3): 365–374

Implications for the Evolution of the Ichthyosaurian Basicranium and Vertebral Column. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society