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（原始内容存档于2011-10-13） （中文（中国大陆））.  大西洋移民：1607—1860. 豆瓣 （中文（中国大陆））.  华盛顿的起床号（1860-1865）. 豆瓣 （中文（中国大陆））.  改革时代：美国的新崛起. 豆瓣. [2021-02-16]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-19） （中文（中国大陆））

  Heitman, Francis B. Historical register and dictionary of the United States Army : from its organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903 1. Government

Historical Summary of Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) Posts by State: Wisconsin (PDF). garrecords.org. Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War: 12. 2005