The Decline of the American Empire

（英语）.  Martin Sicker. The Islamic world in decline : from the Treaty of Karlowitz to the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. Westport, Conn: Praeger

The Twentieth Century, The Oxford History of the British Empire Volume IV. 1998年: 594页. ISBN 978-0-19-924679-3 （英语）.  ② Brendon, Piers. The Decline and

（德语）.  Thompson, E.A. Romans and Barbarians: The Decline of the Western Empire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 1982. ISBN 0-299-08700-X.  含有內容需登入查看的頁面

羅馬帝國的衰落（英語：The Fall of the Roman Empire），亦称西罗马帝国的衰亡（英語：The Fall of the Western Roman Empire）是指羅馬帝國社會，包括政治、經濟、文化、軍事和社會機構等的逐步瓦解和崩潰，最终使西歐遭受蠻族入侵和占據的厄運，终结了

Runciman, The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and his Reign, University Press (Cambridge), 1990. Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Norman Cantor