Swarm behaviour

群体智能（英語：Swarm intelligence,SI）源于对以蚂蚁、蜜蜂等为代表的社会性昆虫的群体行为的研究。最早被用在细胞机器人系统（cellular robotic system）的描述中。它的控制是分布式的，不存在中心控制。群体具有自组织性。

the insects are fully developed and have wings, they stay together as a swarm. Solitary adults usually fly by night but gregarious ones fly by day. The

ISBN 978-1-4020-3916-4.  Bonabeau, Eric; Dorigo, Marco; Theraulaz, Guy. Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems. OUP. 1999: 9–11. ISBN 978-0-19-513159-8

back propagation artificial neural network based on self-adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm and chaos theory. Fluid Phase Equilibria. 25 October

palvetajaritsikas. ERR. 2019-09-16 [2019-09-17] （爱沙尼亚语）.  Praying mantises set to swarm Britain. The Independent. 2022-09-29 [2024-03-06] （英语）.  Rossel, Samuel