嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒

「SARS-CoV」的各地常用譯名
「SARS-CoV」的各地常用譯名
中国大陸	严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征相关病毒
臺灣	嚴重急性呼吸道症候群相關冠狀病毒
港澳	嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒

嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒
病毒分類
（未分级）：	病毒 Virus
域：	核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界：	正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门：	小核糖病毒门 Pisuviricota
纲：	小南嵌套病毒纲 Pisoniviricetes
目：	套式病毒目 Nidovirales
科：	冠状病毒科 Coronaviridae
属：	乙型冠狀病毒屬 Betacoronavirus
亚属：	SARS乙型冠状病毒亚属 Sarbecovirus
种：	嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒 Severe acute respiratory; syndrome-related coronavirus
病毒株
	嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒1型 SARS-CoV-1; 嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒2型 SARS-CoV-2; 蝙蝠SARS样冠状病毒WIV1 Bat SARS-like coronavirus WIV1; 果子狸SARS冠状病毒 Civet SARS-CoV;

严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征相关病毒（英語：Severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus），簡稱SARS相关冠状病毒（SARSr-CoV），是冠狀病毒科乙型冠状病毒属的一个种。^[2]该种病毒现有2个可传染人的分型^[3]。

事实速览 嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症相關冠狀病毒, 病毒分類 ...

关闭

事实速览 「SARS-CoV」的各地常用譯名, 中国大陸 ...

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分型

第一个分型称为嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒1型（英語：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1，简称SARS-CoV-1）^[3]，发现于2003年，引发了嚴重急性呼吸系統綜合症的疫情，有可能是通过菊头蝠传播到人类的^[4]。

第二个分型称为嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒2型（英語：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，简称SARS-CoV-2），发现于2019年，引发了2019冠状病毒病的疫情^[3]，有研究认为，该病毒类型可能是通过马来穿山甲传播给人类的^[5]^[6]。截至2021年6月，病毒溯源工作仍在进行^[7]。統計至2021年2月4日為止，病例數約為SARS-CoV的12800倍，病逝人數約為2900倍。

關係圖

嚴重急性呼吸道症候群相關冠狀病毒
SARSr-CoV

嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒1型
SARS-CoV-1

嚴重急性呼吸道症候群冠狀病毒2型
SARS-CoV-2

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演化樹

截至2021年1月 (2021-01)^[update]，SARS-CoV與相關病毒株的系統發生樹：

16BO133 與SARS-COV相似度82.8 % · 马铁菊头蝠 · 韓國全羅北道（2016年採集、2019年發表）^[8]

	Rf1 87.8 % · 马铁菊头蝠 · 中國湖北宜昌（2004年採集、2005年發表）^[9]

	BtCoV HKU3 87.9 % · 中华菊头蝠 · 香港、中國廣東（2004年採集、2005年發表、2010年又發表若干新病毒株）^[10]

LYRa11 90.9 % · 中菊头蝠 · 中國雲南保山（2011年採集、2014年發表）^[11]

Rp3 92.6 % · 皮氏菊头蝠 · 中國廣西南寧（2004年採集、2005年發表）^[9]

	SL-CoV YNLF_31C 93.5 % · 马铁菊头蝠 · 中國雲南禄丰（2013年採集、2015年發表）^[12]

	SL-CoV YNLF_34C 93.5 % · 马铁菊头蝠 · 中國雲南禄丰（2013年採集、2015年發表）^[12]

	SHC014 95.4 % · 中華菊頭蝠 · 中國雲南昆明（2011年採集、2013年發表）^[13]

	WIV1 95.6 % · 中华菊头蝠 · 中國雲南昆明（2012年採集、2013年發表）^[13]

WIV16 96.0 % · 中华菊头蝠 · 中國雲南昆明（2013年採集、2016年發表）^[14]

	果子貍SARS冠狀病毒 99.8 % · 果子狸 · 中國廣東^[10]

	SARS-CoV 100 %

SARS-CoV-2 79 %

蝙蝠病毒

果子狸病毒

人類病毒

SARS-CoV-2與相關病毒株的系統發生樹^[15]^[16] :

Rc-o319 與SARS-CoV-2相似度81 % · 角菊頭蝠 · 日本岩手县（2013年採集、2020年發表）^[17]

	SL-ZXC21 88 % · 小菊頭蝠 · 中华人民共和国浙江舟山（2015年採集、2018年發表）^[18]

	SL-ZC45 88 % · 小菊頭蝠 · 中華人民共和國浙江舟山（2017年採集、2018年發表）^[18]

Pangolin-CoV-GX 85.5 % · 馬來穿山甲 · 东南亚（2017年採集、2020年發表）^[19]

Pangolin-CoV-GD 90.1 % · 馬來穿山甲 · 东南亚（2019年採集、2020年發表）^[20]

	RshSTT182 92.6 % · 扁顱菊頭蝠（英语：Rhinolophus shameli） · 柬埔寨上丁省（2010年採集、2021年發表）^[16]

	RshSTT200 92.6 % · 扁顱菊頭蝠 · 柬埔寨上丁省（2010年採集、2021年發表）^[16]

	RacCS203（英语：RacCS203） 91.5 % · 大角菊头蝠（英语：Rhinolophus acuminatus） · 泰国差春騷府（2020年採集、2021年發表）^[15]

	RmYN02 93.3 % · 馬來亞菊頭蝠 · 中華人民共和國雲南勐臘（2019年採集、2020年發表）^[21]

	RaTG13 96.2 % · 中菊头蝠 · 中華人民共和國雲南墨江（2013年採集、2020年發表）^[22]

	BANAL-52 96.8 % · 馬來亞菊頭蝠 · 寮國永珍省（2020年採集、2022年發表）^[23]

	SARS-CoV-2 100 %

SARS-CoV 79%

蝙蝠病毒

穿山甲病毒

人類病毒

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参考文献

引用

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Zhang Zhongxin (张忠信), et al, 2023. Betacoronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） in Catalogue of Life China: 2023 Annual Checklist (中国生物物种名录：2023版), Beijing, China.
[2]
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[3]
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[4]
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[5]
Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Shum, Marcus Ho-Hin; Zhu, Hua-Chen; Tong, Yi-Gang; Ni, Xue-Bing; Liao, Yun-Shi; Wei, Wei; Cheung, William Yiu-Man; Li, Wen-Juan. Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. bioRxiv. 2020-02-18: 2020.02.13.945485 [2020-02-20]. doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.945485. （原始内容存档于2021-01-16）（英语）.
[6]
Liu, Ping; Chen, Wu; Chen, Jin-Ping. Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). Viruses. 2019-11, 11 (11): 979 [2020-02-20]. PMC 6893680 . PMID 31652964. doi:10.3390/v11110979. （原始内容存档于2021-01-14）（英语）.
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新冠溯源：世卫要求复查意大利早期样本. 德国之声. 2021-06-02 [2021-06-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-11）.
[8]
Kim, Yongkwan; Son, Kidong; Kim, Young-Sik; Lee, Sook-Young; Jheong, Weonhwa; Oem, Jae-Ku. Complete genome analysis of a SARS-like bat coronavirus identified in the Republic of Korea. Virus Genes. 2019-08, 55 (4). ISSN 0920-8569. PMC 7089380 . PMID 31076983. doi:10.1007/s11262-019-01668-w （英语）.
[9]
Li, Wendong; Shi, Zhengli; Yu, Meng; Ren, Wuze; Smith, Craig; Epstein, Jonathan H.; Wang, Hanzhong; Crameri, Gary; Hu, Zhihong; Zhang, Huajun; Zhang, Jianhong. Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses. Science. 2005-10-28, 310 (5748). ISSN 0036-8075. doi:10.1126/science.1118391 （英语）.
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来源

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Rota, P. A. Characterization of a Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Science. 2003-05-30, 300 (5624): 1394–1399. Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1394R. PMID 12730500. doi:10.1126/science.1085952.
Marra, Marco A.; Jones, Steven J. M.; Astell, Caroline R.; Holt, Robert A.; Brooks-Wilson, Angela; Butterfield, Yaron S. N.; Khattra, Jaswinder; Asano, Jennifer K.; Barber, Sarah A. The Genome Sequence of the SARS-Associated Coronavirus. Science. 2003-05-30, 300 (5624): 1399–1404 [2021-04-07]. Bibcode:2003Sci...300.1399M. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 12730501. doi:10.1126/science.1085953. （原始内容存档于2021-03-20）（英语）.
Snijder, Eric J.; Bredenbeek, Peter J.; Dobbe, Jessika C.; Thiel, Volker; Ziebuhr, John; Poon, Leo L.M.; Guan, Yi; Rozanov, Mikhail; Spaan, Willy J.M. Unique and Conserved Features of Genome and Proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an Early Split-off From the Coronavirus Group 2 Lineage. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2003-08, 331 (5): 991–1004 [2021-04-07]. PMC 7159028 . PMID 12927536. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00865-9. （原始内容存档于2020-10-19）（英语）.
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Thiel V (编). Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-904455-16-5.
Enjuanes L, et al. Coronavirus Replication and Interaction with Host. Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology. Caister Academic Press. 2008. ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6.

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外部連結

WHO press release identifying and naming the SARS virus（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
The SARS virus genetic map
Science special on the SARS virus（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (free content: no registration required)
McGill University SARS Resources. [2015-06-15]. （原始内容存档于2005-03-01）.
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) SARS home
World Health Organization on alert（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
SARS coronavirus. NCBI Taxonomy Browser. [2020-02-14]. 227859. （原始内容存档于2020-11-14）.
Survival of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

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参见

[1] [1]
Zhang Zhongxin (张忠信), et al, 2023. Betacoronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） in Catalogue of Life China: 2023 Annual Checklist (中国生物物种名录：2023版), Beijing, China.

[Thiel-2] [2]
Thiel V (editor). Coronaviruses: Molecular and Cellular Biology 1st. Caister Academic Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-904455-16-5.

[ICTV-3] [3]
Gorbalenya, Alexander E.; Baker, Susan C.; Baric, Ralph S.; de Groot, Raoul J.; Drosten, Christian; Gulyaeva, Anastasia A.; Haagmans, Bart L.; Lauber, Chris; Leontovich, Andrey M. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus : classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2. Nature Microbiology. 2020-04, 5 (4): 536–544 [2020-03-03]. ISSN 2058-5276. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. （原始内容存档于2020-03-05）（英语）.

[4] [4]
Hu, Ben; Zeng, Lei-Ping; Yang, Xing-Lou; Ge, Xing-Yi; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Xie, Jia-Zheng; Shen, Xu-Rui; Zhang, Yun-Zhi. Drosten, Christian , 编. Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. PLOS Pathogens. 2017-11-30, 13 (11): e1006698 [2021-04-07]. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 5708621 . PMID 29190287. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698. （原始内容存档于2020-07-31）（英语）.

[5] [5]
Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk; Shum, Marcus Ho-Hin; Zhu, Hua-Chen; Tong, Yi-Gang; Ni, Xue-Bing; Liao, Yun-Shi; Wei, Wei; Cheung, William Yiu-Man; Li, Wen-Juan. Identification of 2019-nCoV related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins in southern China. bioRxiv. 2020-02-18: 2020.02.13.945485 [2020-02-20]. doi:10.1101/2020.02.13.945485. （原始内容存档于2021-01-16）（英语）.

[6] [6]
Liu, Ping; Chen, Wu; Chen, Jin-Ping. Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). Viruses. 2019-11, 11 (11): 979 [2020-02-20]. PMC 6893680 . PMID 31652964. doi:10.3390/v11110979. （原始内容存档于2021-01-14）（英语）.

[7] [7]
新冠溯源：世卫要求复查意大利早期样本. 德国之声. 2021-06-02 [2021-06-11]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-11）.

[pmid31076983-8] [8]
Kim, Yongkwan; Son, Kidong; Kim, Young-Sik; Lee, Sook-Young; Jheong, Weonhwa; Oem, Jae-Ku. Complete genome analysis of a SARS-like bat coronavirus identified in the Republic of Korea. Virus Genes. 2019-08, 55 (4). ISSN 0920-8569. PMC 7089380 . PMID 31076983. doi:10.1007/s11262-019-01668-w （英语）.

[Li2005-9] [9]
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