寄存器机Machines. Annals of Math. 1961, received August 15, 1960, 74: 437–455. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助) Marvin Minsky. Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines 1st
计数器机Machines. Annals of Math. 1961, received August 15, 1960, 74: 437–455. 请检查|date=中的日期值 (帮助) Marvin Minsky. Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines 1st
水流積分器Genesis Machines. The new science of biocomputing, ISBN 978-1-84354-225-4, from Martyn Amos, Atlantic Books, 2006, Ch. 2., Birth of the Machines, ff. MIT