Medical Science 是高等博士學位,一樣由審核學術生涯的論文獲得;原 Doctor ofMedicine 則變成單純的研究型博士學位,學術地位等同 Doctor ofPhilosophy,可縮寫成 DM、MD(Res)。學生需要進行研究,並提交論文以畢業。通常只有內外全科醫學士畢業生方能就讀此類醫學博士。
Complementary medicine: Common misconceptions. Journal of the Royal Society ofMedicine. 1995, 88 (5): 244–7. PMC 1295191 . PMID 7636814. Complementary medicine, defined
Demarcation of Science from Pseudoscience. Pigliucci M, Boudry M (编). Philosophyof Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem. University of Chicago