2014.. [2021-05-27]. (原始内容存档于2017-11-08). Census 2000 counts 3.25 mln Kazakhs The Kazak Ethnic Group (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), later the Kazakh population had
Y-Chromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals a Common Paternal Gene Pool for Kazakhs and the Influence of Mongolian Expansions. PLoS ONE. 2011-03-11
Munkhtuvshin, Namid; Tamiya, Gen; Inoko, Hidetoshi. Genetic features of Mongolian ethnic groups revealed by Y-chromosomal analysis. Gene. 2005, 346: 63–70
al. The Kazakhstan DNA project hits first hundred Y-profiles for ethnic Kazakhs. The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy. 2012, 2: 1. Seielstad, Mark;