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鷸科的鳥絕大多數以土壤中的小型無脊椎動物為食，一般棲息於海岸地帶。
本科包括以下属：[1]
- 土岛鹬属 Actites Illiger, 1811
- 磯鷸屬 Actitis Illiger, 1811
- Actodromas Kaup, 1829
- Aechmorhynchus Coues, 1874
- 濱浪鷸屬 Aphriza Audubon, 1839，短嘴鹬属
- 翻石鷸屬 Arenaria Brisson, 1760
- Arquatella Baird, 1858
- 高原鹬属 Bartramia Lesson, 1831
- 濱鷸屬 Calidris Gmelin, 1789
- Calidris Merrem, 1804
- 河乌属 Cinclus Anonymous
- 亚南极沙锥属 Coenocorypha G.R.Gray, 1855
- Crocethia Billberg, 1828
- Elorius Milne-Edwards, 1867
- Ereunetes Illiger, 1811
- Erolia Vieillot, 1816
- Erythroscelus Kaup, 1829
- 勺嘴鷸屬 Eurynorhynchus Nilsson, 1821
- 沙錐屬 Gallinago Brisson, 1760
- Gallinago Leach, 1816
- Glottis Koch, 1816
- Helodromus Gray, 1849
- Heteropygia Coues, 1861
- Iliornis Kaup, 1829
- 闊嘴鷸屬 Limicola Koch, 1816
- Limicolavis Shufeldt, 1915
- Limnocinclus Gould, 1865
- 半蹼鷸屬 Limnodromus Wied-Neuwied, 1833
- 塍鷸屬 Limosa Brisson, 1760
- 姬鷸屬 Lymnocryptes F.Boie, 1826
- Mirolia Ballmann, 2004
- 杓鷸屬 Numenius Brisson, 1760
- Palnumenius Miller, 1942
- Paractitis Weigel, 1963
- Parvelorius de Pietri & Mayr, 2012
- Pelidna Cuvier, 1817
- 瓣蹼鷸屬 Phalaropus Brisson, 1760
- 流蘇鷸屬 Philomachus Gray, 1840
- 瓣蹼鹬属 Philomachus Merrem, 1804
- Pisobia Billberg, 1828
- 波利尼西亚鹬属 Prosobonia Bonaparte, 1850
- Pseudototanus Hume, 1879
- Rhyacophilus Kaup, 1829
- Rusticola Vieillot, 1816
- Schoeniclus Forster, 1817
- 丘鹬属 Scolopax Linnaeus, 1758
- Syringophiloidus
- Telmatias Boie, 1826
- Totanus Cuvier, 1800
- 鷸屬 Tringa Linnaeus, 1758
- Tringoides Bonaparte, 1827
- 飾胸鷸屬 Tryngites Cabanis, 1857，黄胸鹬属
- Villetus Harrison & Walker, 1976
- 翹嘴鷸屬 Xenus Kaup, 1829
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