非典型抗精神病藥物

非典型抗精神病藥物^[1]^[2]（atypical antipsychotics，AAP）又稱第二代抗精神病藥物（second generation antipsychotics，SGAs）、血清素-多巴胺拮抗劑（serotonin–dopamine antagonists，SDAs）^[3]^[4]，是一類抗精神病藥物，主要在1970年代之後引入治療精神疾病。一些非典型抗精神病藥物已獲得主管機關批准（例如美國FDA、澳大利亞TGA（英语：Therapeutic Goods Administration）、英國MHRA（英语：Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency））用於思覺失調症、雙相情緒障礙症、自閉症的易怒症狀，以及作為重性抑鬱疾患的輔助藥物（英语：Adjuvant_therapy）。

兩代（第一代及第二代）藥物都傾向於阻斷大腦多巴胺傳遞途徑（英语：Dopaminergic_pathways）中的受體。與最廣泛使用的第一代藥物氟哌啶醇相比，非典型藥物不太可能導致患者出現錐體外症候群，其中包括不穩定的帕金森氏症型運動，坐立難安和其他不自主運動。然而目前僅少數第二代藥物獲證實，優於較少使用的低效第一代抗精神病藥物^[5]^[6]。

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非典型抗精神病藥常拿來治療思覺失調症或雙相情緒障礙症^[7]。它們還經常用於治療與癡呆、焦慮症、泛自閉症障礙和強迫症（標籤外^[8]使用）相關的激動運動（英语：Psychomotor_agitation）。在癡呆症中，只有在其他治療失敗並且患者對自己、他人構成風險時，才應考慮用藥^[9]。

[1]
李嵐婷. 精神科藥物介紹 (PDF). [2022-11-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-11-06）.
[2]
吳培君. 精神科藥物簡介 (PDF). 2019-06-03.^{[失效連結]}
[3]
Miyake, N; Miyamoto, S; Jarskog, LF. New serotonin/dopamine antagonists for the treatment of schizophrenia: are we making real progress?. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses. October 2012, 6 (3): 122–33. PMID 23006237. doi:10.3371/CSRP.6.3.4.
[4]
Sadock, Benjamin J.; Sadock, Virginia A.; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry 11th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. 2014: 318. ISBN 978-1-60913-971-1. OCLC 881019573.
[5]
Leucht S, Cipriani A, Spineli L, Mavridis D, Orey D, Richter F, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet. September 2013, 382 (9896): 951–62. PMID 23810019. S2CID 32085212. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60733-3.
[6]
A roadmap to key pharmacologic principles in using antipsychotics. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007, 9 (6): 444–54. PMC 2139919 . PMID 18185824. doi:10.4088/PCC.v09n0607.
[7]
Respiridone. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [April 3, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-02）.
[8]
Maher AR, Maglione M, Bagley S, Suttorp M, Hu JH, Ewing B, et al. Efficacy and comparative effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic medications for off-label uses in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. September 2011, 306 (12): 1359–69. PMID 21954480. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1360 .
[9]
American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society updated Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. April 2012, 60 (4): 616–31. PMC 3571677 . PMID 22376048. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03923.x.

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分类药物列表

[1] [1]
李嵐婷. 精神科藥物介紹 (PDF). [2022-11-06]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-11-06）.

[2] [2]
吳培君. 精神科藥物簡介 (PDF). 2019-06-03.^{[失效連結]}

[3] [3]
Miyake, N; Miyamoto, S; Jarskog, LF. New serotonin/dopamine antagonists for the treatment of schizophrenia: are we making real progress?. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses. October 2012, 6 (3): 122–33. PMID 23006237. doi:10.3371/CSRP.6.3.4.

[4] [4]
Sadock, Benjamin J.; Sadock, Virginia A.; Ruiz, Pedro. Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry 11th. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. 2014: 318. ISBN 978-1-60913-971-1. OCLC 881019573.

[5] [5]
Leucht S, Cipriani A, Spineli L, Mavridis D, Orey D, Richter F, et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis. Lancet. September 2013, 382 (9896): 951–62. PMID 23810019. S2CID 32085212. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60733-3.

[6] [6]
A roadmap to key pharmacologic principles in using antipsychotics. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007, 9 (6): 444–54. PMC 2139919 . PMID 18185824. doi:10.4088/PCC.v09n0607.

[7] [7]
Respiridone. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [April 3, 2011]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-02）.

[8] [8]
Maher AR, Maglione M, Bagley S, Suttorp M, Hu JH, Ewing B, et al. Efficacy and comparative effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic medications for off-label uses in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. September 2011, 306 (12): 1359–69. PMID 21954480. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1360 .

[9] [9]
American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society updated Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. April 2012, 60 (4): 616–31. PMC 3571677 . PMID 22376048. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03923.x.

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非典型抗精神病藥物

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