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優婆夷梵語Upāsikā),又譯優婆私柯优婆斯优波赐迦邬婆斯迦邬波斯迦优波赐迦[1],中譯為女居士居士女清淨女清信女近善女近事女近宿女信女[2],即親近三寶、接受三归、施行善法的在家女子,為在家二众、四眾,或七眾之一。如能受持五戒(不殺生、不偷盜、不邪淫、不妄語、不飲酒),稱持戒優婆夷。對應的男性爲優婆塞四众七众之一,又可称为居士

《巴利律藏大品》(Mahā-vagga),谓优婆夷始於智度耶舍之母,耶舍的母親皈依佛陀,成為佛教史上第一位優婆夷。《华严疏》六十二曰:“亲近比丘尼而承事故。”即在俗之信女。

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