Mismatch in orbital longitude of the inner body, as compared to its position at the beginning of the cycle(with the cycle defined as n orbits of the outer body – see below). Circular orbits are assumed(i.e., precession is ignored).
The time needed for the mismatch from the initial relative longitudinal orbital positions of the bodies to grow to 180°, rounded to the nearest first significant digit.
The probability of obtaining an orbital coincidence of equal or smaller mismatch by chance at least once in n attempts, where n is the integer number of orbits of the outer body per cycle, and the mismatch is assumed to vary between 0° and 180° at random. The value is calculated as 1-(1- mismatch/180°)^n. The smaller the probability, the more remarkable the coincidence. This is a crude calculation that only attempts to give a rough idea of relative probabilities.
The two near commensurabilities listed for Earth and Venus are reflected in the timing of transits of Venus, which occur in pairs 8 years apart, in a cycle that repeats every 243 years.[23][25]
The near 1:12 resonance between Jupiter and Earth causes the Alinda asteroids, which occupy (or are close to) the 3:1 resonance with Jupiter, to be close to a 1:4 resonance with Earth.
The results for the Haumea system aren't very meaningful because, contrary to the assumptions implicit in the calculations, Namaka has an eccentric, non-Keplerian orbit that precesses rapidly (see below). Hiʻiaka and Namaka are much closer to a 3:8 resonance than indicated, and may actually be in it.[38]
Barclay, T.; Rowe, J. F.; Lissauer, J. J.; Huber, D.; Fressin, F.; Howell, S. B.; Bryson, S. T.; Chaplin, W. J.; Désert, J.-M.; Lopez, E. D.; Marcy, G. W.; Mullally, F.; Ragozzine, D.; Torres, G.; Adams, E. R.; Agol, E.; Barrado, D.; Basu, S.; Bedding, T. R.; Buchhave, L. A.; Charbonneau, D.; Christiansen, J. L.; Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.; Ciardi, D.; Cochran, W. D.; Dupree, A. K.; Elsworth, Y.; Everett, M.; Fischer, D. A.; Ford, E. B.; Fortney, J. J.; Geary, J. C.; Haas, M. R.; Handberg, R.; Hekker, S.; Henze, C. E.; Horch, E.; Howard, A. W.; Hunter, R. C.; Isaacson, H.; Jenkins, J. M.; Karoff, C.; Kawaler, S. D.; Kjeldsen, H.; Klaus, T. C.; Latham, D. W.; Li, J.; Lillo-Box, J.; Lund, M. N.; Lundkvist, M.; Metcalfe, T. S.; Miglio, A.; Morris, R. L.; Quintana, E. V.; Stello, D.; Smith, J. C.; Still, M.; Thompson, S. E. A sub-Mercury-sized exoplanet. Nature. 2013-02-20 [2013-02-21]. Bibcode:2013Natur.494..452B. ISSN 0028-0836. arXiv:1305.5587. doi:10.1038/nature11914.
C. D. Murray, S. F. Dermott (1999). Solar System Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-57597-3.
Renu Malhotra Orbital Resonances and Chaos in the Solar System. In Solar System Formation and Evolution, ASP Conference Series, 149(1998)preprint.
Renu Malhotra, The Origin of Pluto's Orbit: Implications for the Solar System Beyond Neptune, The Astronomical Journal, 110(1995), p. 420 Preprint (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
Locations of Solar System Planetary Mean-Motion Resonances. Web calculator that plots distributions of the semimajor axes (or in one case the perihelion distances) of the minor planets in relation to mean-motion resonances of the planets(website maintained by M.A. Murison)。
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