認知再建構

認知再建構（Cognitive restructuring）是學習識別及質疑非理性或適應不良的思想（稱為認知扭曲）的心理治療方式^[1]。認知扭曲包括有全有全無思考（英语：splitting (psychology)）、魔術性思維（英语：magical thinking）、過度推論、放大（英语：Magnification (psychology)）^[1]及情緒化推理，這些行為常出現在許多精神疾患中^[2]。認知再建構中包括許多策略，例如苏格拉底式的质疑、思想紀錄及引導想像（英语：guided imagery）。像认知行为疗法（CBT）及理性情緒行為治療法（英语：rational emotive behaviour therapy）（REBT）都有用到認知再建構。而不少研究也指出以認知再建構為基礎的療法有不錯的效果^[3]^[4]^[5]。

[1]
Gladding, Samuel. Counseling: A Comprehensive Review. 6th. Columbus: Pearson Education Inc., 2009.
[2]
Ryan C. Martin; Eric R. Dahlen. Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences. 2005, 39 (2005-11): 1249–1260. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.004.
[3]
Cooper P.J.; Steere J. A comparison of two psychological treatments for bulimia nervosa: Implications for models of maintenance. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 1995, 33 (8): 875–885. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00033-t.
[4]
Harvey L.; Inglis S.J.; Espie C.A. Insomniacs' reported use of CBT components and relationship to long-term clinical outcome. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2002, 40: 75–83. doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00004-3.
[5]
Taylor S.; Woody S.; Koch W.J.; McLean P.; Paterson R.J.; Anderson K.W. Cognitive restructuring in the treatment of social phobia. Behavior Modification. 1997, 21 (4): 487–511. doi:10.1177/01454455970214006.

相關條目