自然資源開發利用(英語:Exploitation of natural resources)指的是利用自然資源以促進經濟增長,[1]但exploitation有剝削、濫用及過度開發的涵義,此字的言外之意(英语:connotation)有負面的成分。自然資源受到開發,會導致環境退化,而退化後會對當地經濟發展有不利的影響。[2]
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