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来自维基百科,自由的百科全书
自旋锁是计算机科学用于多线程同步的一种锁,线程反复检查锁变量是否可用。由于线程在这一过程中保持执行,因此是一种忙等待。一旦获取了自旋锁,线程会一直保持该锁,直至显式释放自旋锁。
自旋锁避免了进程上下文的调度开销,因此对于线程只会阻塞很短时间的场合是有效的。因此操作系统的实现在很多地方往往用自旋锁。Windows操作系统提供的轻型读写锁(SRW Lock)内部就用了自旋锁。显然,单核CPU不适于使用自旋锁,这里的单核CPU指的是单核单线程的CPU,因为,在同一时间只有一个线程是处在运行状态,假设运行线程A发现无法获取锁,只能等待解锁,但因为A自身不挂起,所以那个持有锁的线程B没有办法进入运行状态,只能等到操作系统分给A的时间片用完,才能有机会被调度。这种情况下使用自旋锁的代价很高。
获取、释放自旋锁,实际上是读写自旋锁的存储内存或寄存器。因此这种读写操作必须是原子的。通常用test-and-set等原子操作来实现。[1]
; Intel syntax
locked: ; The lock variable. 1 = locked, 0 = unlocked.
dd 0
spin_lock:
mov eax, 1 ; Set the EAX register to 1.
xchg eax, [locked] ; Atomically swap the EAX register with
; the lock variable.
; This will always store 1 to the lock, leaving
; the previous value in the EAX register.
test eax, eax ; Test EAX with itself. Among other things, this will
; set the processor's Zero Flag if EAX is 0.
; If EAX is 0, then the lock was unlocked and
; we just locked it.
; Otherwise, EAX is 1 and we didn't acquire the lock.
jnz spin_lock ; Jump back to the MOV instruction if the Zero Flag is
; not set; the lock was previously locked, and so
; we need to spin until it becomes unlocked.
ret ; The lock has been acquired, return to the calling
; function.
spin_unlock:
mov eax, 0 ; Set the EAX register to 0.
xchg eax, [locked] ; Atomically swap the EAX register with
; the lock variable.
ret ; The lock has been released.
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