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El–Serag HB; Hampel H; Javadi F. the association between diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2006, 4 (3): 369–380. PMID 16527702. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2005.12.007. Diabetes is associated with an increased risk for HCC. However, more research is required to examine issues related to the duration and treatment of diabetes, and confounding by diet and obesity
Wang XW, Hussain SP, Huo TI, Wu CG, Forgues M, Hofseth LJ, Brechot C, Harris CC. Molecular pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Toxicology. 2002,. 181–182: 43–47. PMID 12505283. doi:10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00253-6. Recent studies in our laboratory have identified several potential factors that may contribute to the pathogenesis of HCC...For example, oxyradical overload diseases such as Wilson disease and hemochromatosis result in the generation of oxygen/nitrogen species that can cause mutations in the p53 tumour suppressor gene
Cheng W, Govindarajan S, Redeker A. Hepatocellular carcinoma in a case of Wilson's disease. Liver International. 1992, 12 (1): 42–45. PMID 1314321. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0676.1992.tb00553.x. The patient described here was the oldest and only the third female patient with hepatocellular carcinoma complicating Wilson's disease to be reported in the literature
Huang YC, Tsan YT, Chan WC, Wang JD, Chu WM, Fu YC, Tong KM, Lin CH, Chang ST, Hwang WL. Incidence and survival of cancers among 1,054 hemophilia patients: A nationwide and 14-year cohort study. American Journal of Hematology. 2015, 90 (4): E55–E59. doi:10.1002/ajh.23947.
Hassan MM, Curley SA, Li D, Kaseb A, Davila M, Abdalla EK, Javle M, Moghazy DM, Lozano RD, Abbruzzese JL, Vauthey JN. Association of diabetes duration and diabetes treatment with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2010, 116 (8): 1938–1946. PMID 20166205. doi:10.1002/cncr.24982. Diabetes appears to increase the risk of HCC, and such risk is correlated with a long duration of diabetes. Relying on dietary control and treatment with sulfonylureas or insulin were found to confer the highest magnitude of HCC risk, whereas treatment with biguanides or thiazolidinediones was associated with a 70% HCC risk reduction among diabetics.
Siegel A, Zhu AX. Metabolic Syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 2009, 115 (24): 5651–5661. PMC 3397779. PMID 19834957. doi:10.1002/cncr.24687. The majority of 'cryptogenic' HCC in the United States is attributed to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome... It is predicted that metabolic syndrome will lead to large increases in the incidence of HCC over the next decades. A better understanding of the relation between these 2 diseases ultimately should lead to improved screening and treatment options for patients with HCC.
Stickely F, Hellerbrand C. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and implications. Gut. 2010, 59 (10): 1303–1307. PMID 20650925. doi:10.1136/gut.2009.199661. Based on the known association of NAFLD with IR and MS, approximately two-thirds of the patients were obese and/or diabetic, 4 and a remarkable 25% of these patients had no cirrhosis... Therefore, it is particularly worrying that the most persuasive evidence for an association between NAFLD and HCC derives from studies on the risk of HCC in patients with metabolic syndrome
Höpfner M, Huether A, Sutter AP, Baradari V, Schuppan D, Scherübl H. Blockade of IGF-1 receptor tyrosine kinase has antineoplastic effects in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2006, 71 (10): 1435–1448. PMID 16530734. doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.02.006. Inhibition of IGF-1R tyrosine kinase (IGF-1R-TK) by NVP-AEW541 induces growth inhibition, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human HCC cell lines without accompanying cytotoxicity. Thus, IGF-1R-TK inhibition may be a promising novel treatment approach in HCC.
Gorayski P, Thompson CH, Subhash HS, Thomas AC. Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with recreational anabolic steroid use. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007, 42 (1): 74–75. PMID 18178686. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2007.03932. Malignant transformation to HCC from a pre-existing hepatic adenoma confirmed by immunohistochemical study has previously not been reported in athletes taking anabolic steroids. Further studies using screening programmes to identify high-risk individuals are recommended.
Ertle JM, Heider D, Wichert M, Keller B, Kueper R, Hilgard P, Gerken G, Schlaak JF. A combination of α-fetoprotein and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin is superior in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Digestion. 2013;87(2):121-31. doi: 10.1159/000346080. Epub 2013 Feb 8. PMID 23406785.
Ertle, JM; Heider, D; Wichert, M; Keller, B; Kueper, R; Hilgard, P; Gerken, G; Schlaak, JF. A combination of α-fetoprotein and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin is superior in detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Digestion. 2013, 87 (2): 121–31. PMID 23406785. doi:10.1159/000346080.
Hepatitis B: Prevention and treatment. [2013-08-28]. (原始内容存档于2013-07-24). "WHO aims at controlling HBV worldwide to decrease the incidence of HBV-related chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. by integrating HB vaccination into routine infant (and possibly adolescent) immunization programs."
Ma, Ka Wing; Cheung, Tan To. Surgical resection of localized hepatocellular carcinoma: patient selection and special consideration. Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. December 2016,. Volume 4: 3. doi:10.2147/JHC.S96085.
Kooby, DA; Egnatashvili, V; Srinivasan, S; Chamsuddin, A; Delman, KA; Kauh, J; Staley CA, 3rd; Kim, HS. Comparison of yttrium-90 radioembolization and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology. February 2010, 21 (2): 224–30. PMID 20022765. doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2009.10.013.
Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolization for the treatment of liver malignancies: a structured meta-analysis. European Radiology. April 2009, 19 (4): 951–9. PMID 18989675. doi:10.1007/s00330-008-1211-7.
Choo, Su Pin; Tan, Wan Ling; Goh, Brian K. P.; Tai, Wai Meng; Zhu, Andrew X. Comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma in Eastern versus Western populations. Cancer. 2016-11-15, 122 (22): 3430–3446. doi:10.1002/cncr.30237.
Goh, George Boon-Bee; Chang, Pik-Eu; Tan, Chee-Kiat. Changing epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology. December 2015, 29 (6): 919–928. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2015.09.007.
Sanoff, Hanna K.; Kim, Richard; Ivanova, Anastasia; Alistar, Angela; McRee, Autumn J.; O’Neil, Bert H. Everolimus and pasireotide for advanced and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Investigational New Drugs. 2015, 33 (2): 505–509. doi:10.1007/s10637-015-0209-7.