耶稣研究会(Jesus Seminar)是一以聖經批判為基礎的非宗教性學術研究团体,是一個由二百位学者[1]在1985年组成,由已故的羅伯特·芬克 和 約翰·克羅森 两位圣经学者创立,由Westar Institute[2] 赞助。
耶稣研究会的研究與一般基督教信仰大不相同,他们否認聖經中超自然的論述。用史实的方法去决定耶稣可能或不可能说过或作过的事情。该研究团体发表研究成果,例如他们认为新约对於耶稣敍述的绝大部份都是不真实的、虚假的,馬利亞因聖靈感孕生子的故事更可能是抄袭其他宗教的,与之同时,研究会更提倡对耶稣的史实性研究。研究会每两年都有一次会议,民众也可参加。
在創始人羅伯特於2005年去世後,耶穌研究會雖然沒有正式解散,但在2006年後就停止了活動。
- Robert W. Funk, Ph.D.
- John Dominic Crossan,(約翰‧克羅森) Ph.D.
- Andries G. van Aarde, D.D.
- Valerie A. Abrahamsen, Th. D.
- Martin L. Appelt
- Karen Armstrong
- Richard L. Arthur, Th.D.
- Harold W. Attridge, Ph.D.
- Robert Bater, Ph.D.
- William Beardslee, Ph.D.
- Joseph Bessler-Northcutt, Ph. D.
- Edward F. Beutner, Ph.D.
- Sterling Bjorndahl, Ph.D.
- Anthony Blasi, Ph.D., Th.D.
- Marcus Borg, D.Phil.
- Willi Braun, Ph.D.
- James R. Butts, Ph.D.
- Marvin F. Cain, Ph.D.
- Ron Cameron, Ph.D.
- Bruce D. Chilton, Ph.D.
- Kathleen E. Corley, Ph.D.
- Wendy J. Cotter C.S.J., Ph.D.
- Don Cupitt
- Jon Daniels, Ph.D.
- Jean Jacques D'Aoust
- Stevan L. Davies, Ph.D.
- Jon F. Dechow, Ph.D.
- Arthur J. Dewey, Th.D.
- Joanna Dewey, Ph.D.
- John Dillenberger, Ph.D.
- William Doty
- Darrell J. Doughty
- Dennis C. Duling, Ph.D.
- Susan M. Elliott, Ph.D.
- Robert T. Fortna, Ph.D.
- Robert M. Fowler
- David Galston
- James Goss, Ph.D.
- Heinz Guenther, Th.D.
- Sakari Hakkinen
- Maurice Hamington, Ph.D.
- Walter Harrelson, Th.D.
- Stephen L Harris, Ph.D.
- Charles W. Hedrick, Ph.D.
- James D. Hester, D.Theol.
- C.M. Kempton Hewitt, Ph.D.
- Jack A. Hill, Ph.D.
- Julian V. Hills, Th.D.
- Richard Holloway, D.D., D.Litt.
- Roy W. Hoover, Th.D.
- Benjamin J. Hubbard
- Michael L. Humphries, Ph.D.
- Margaret D. Hutaff
- Glenna S. Jackson, Ph.D.
- Arland D. Jacobson, Ph.D.
- Clayton N. Jefford, Th.M, Ph.D.
- Gregory C. Jenks, Ph.D.
- Bob Jones
- F. Stanley Jones, D.Theol, Ph.D.
- Larry Kalajainen, Ph.D.
- Perry Kea, Ph.D.
- John C. Kelly
- William Doane Kelly, Ph.D.
- Chan-Hie Kim, Ph.D.
- Karen L. King, Ph.D.
- John S. Kloppenborg, Ph.D.
- Ron Large
- Paul Alan Laughlin, Ph.D.
- Nigel Leaves, Ph.D.
- Lloyd Geering, D.D.
- Davidson Loehr, Ph.D.
- Sanford Lowe, D.Min, D.D.
- John Lown, Ph.D.
- Gerd Luedemann, D.Theol., D. Habil.
- Dennis R. MacDonald, Ph.D.
- Burton L. Mack, Ph.D.
- Loren Mack-Fisher, Ph.D.
- Francis Macnab, Ph.D. , D.D., D.Sc.
- Shelley Matthews, Th.D.
- Brian Rice McCarthy
- Lane C. McGaughy, Ph.D.
- Robin B. McGonigle, Dr. M
- Edward J. McMahon II, Ph.D.
- Daniel Marguerat
- Marvin W. Meyer, Ph.D.
- Darren Middleton
- J. Ramsey Michaels, Th.M., Ph.D.
- William R. Millar
- L. Bruce Miller, Ph.D.
- Robert J. Miller, Ph.D.
- Robert L'H Miller, Th.D.
- Milton Moreland
- Winsome Munro, Ed.D.
- Culver H. Nelson, D.D., D.D.
- Rob Parrott, Ph.D.
- Stephen J. Patterson, Ph.D.
- Richard I. Pervo, Th.D.
- Robert M. Price, Ph.D.
- Anne Primavesi, D.Phil.
- Howard Rice
- Vernon K. Robbins, Ph.D.
- James M. Robinson, D.Theol, Ph.D.
- John J. Rousseau, Ph.D., D.Rel.
- Stan Rummel
- Marianne Sawicki, Ph.D.
- Daryl D. Schmidt, Ph.D.
- Oswald Schrag
- Bernard Brandon Scott, Ph.D.
- Andrew D. Scrimgeour
- Philip Sellew, Th.D.
- Chris Shea, Ph.D.
- Thomas Sheehan, Ph.D.
- Lou H. Silberman, D.H.L.
- Dennis Smith, Th.D.
- Mahlon H. Smith, M.S.L.
- Graydon Snyder
- John Shelby Spong, D.D.
- John Staten
- Michael G. Steinhauser, Th.D.
- Robert F. Stoops, Jr., Ph.D.
- Johann Strijdom, D.Litt., et Phil.
- Jon Sveinbjornsson
- Jarmo Tarkki, Ph.D.
- W. Barnes Tatum, Ph.D.
- Hal Taussig, Ph.D.
- Barbara Thiering, Ph.D.
- Joseph B. Tyson, Ph.D.
- Leif E. Vaage, Ph.D.
- James Veitch, Ph.D., Th.D.
- Paul Verhoeven, Ph.D. (mathematics)
- Wesley Hiram Wachob, Ph.D.
- William O. Walker, Jr., Ph.D.
- Donna Wallace, Ph.D.
- Robert L. Webb, Ph.D.
- Theodore J. Weeden, Sr., Ph.D.
- James E. West, Th.D.
- John L. White, Ph.D.
- John L. White, B.D.
- L. Michael White
- Walter Wink, Th.D.
- Sara C. Winter., Ph.D.
根據耶稣研究会1993年出版的《五福音書:尋找耶穌的真實話語》[3]紀載,研究會使用投票系統來評估大約500條言論和事件的真實性。他們使用珠子來投票,根據珠子的顏色來判斷真實性的程度,各珠子的顏色及真實度如下:
更多信息 顏色, 分數 ...
顏色 |
分數 |
真實度
|
紅色 |
3 |
表示選民相信耶穌確實說了引用的段落或類似的內容
|
粉紅色 |
2 |
表示耶穌說過類似的內容或做過類似的事
|
灰色 |
1 |
表示耶穌並未做過該事或說過該話,但他是源自於耶穌的話語或事蹟
|
黑色 |
0 |
耶穌從未說過該話也未曾做過該事
|
关闭
耶穌研究會在判斷耶穌話語的真實性時的判斷標準,沒人知道是否有滲入不可告人的成分。此外根據格雷戈里‧A‧博以德所說,耶穌研究會的投票標準甚至有著「雙重不同」、「多重證明」等問題在[4]
Robert Walter Funk; Roy W. Hoover, The Five Gospels: The Search for the Authentic Words of Jesus : New Translation and Commentary, Macmillan, 1993, ISBN 0-02-541949-8