硼(原子量:10.811(7))共有14個已知同位素,質量數介於7-19之間,其中有2個是穩定的,其他都具有放射性。天然存在的硼同位素有2個,分別是10B和11B,皆為穩定同位素。其他放射性同位素都不出現在自然界中,只有在實驗室製造出來過,且半衰期都極短,非常不穩定。
事实速览 同位素, 衰變 ...
主要的硼同位素
10B在天然樣品中的含量可低至19.1%,也可以高達20.3%。而剩下的部分才是 11B [1]。 |
標準原子質量 (Ar, 標準) | - [10.806, 10.821][2]
- 傳統: 10.81
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关闭
更多信息 符號, Z ...
符號
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Z
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N
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同位素質量(u) [n 1][n 2]
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半衰期 [n 2]
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衰變 方式[3]
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衰變 產物 [n 3]
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原子核 自旋[n 1]
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相對豐度 (莫耳分率)[n 2]
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相對豐度 的變化量 (莫耳分率)
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7B
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5
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2
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7.02992(8)
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350(50)×10−24 s [1.4(2) MeV]
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p
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6 Be [n 4]
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(3⁄2−)
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8B[n 5]
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5
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3
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8.0246072(11)
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770(3) ms
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β+, α
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2 4 He
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2+
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9B
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5
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4
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9.0133288(11)
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800(300)×10−21 s [0.54(21) keV]
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p
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8 Be [n 6]
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3⁄2−
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10B
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5
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5
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10.0129370(4)
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稳定
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3+
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0.199(7)
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0.18929–0.20386
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11 B
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5
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6
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11.0093054(4)
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稳定
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3⁄2−
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0.801(7)
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0.79614–0.81071
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12B
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5
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7
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12.0143521(15)
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20.20(2) ms
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β− (98.4%)
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12 C
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1+
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β−, α (1.6%)
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8 Be [n 7]
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13B
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5
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8
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13.0177802(12)
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17.33(17) ms
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β− (99.72%)
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13 C
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3⁄2−
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β−, n (0.279%)
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12 C
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14B
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5
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9
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14.025404(23)
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12.5(5) ms
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β− (93.96%)
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14 C
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2−
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β−, n (6.04%)
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13 C
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15B
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5
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10
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15.031103(24)
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9.87(7) ms
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β−, n (93.6%)
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14 C
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3⁄2−
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β− (6.0%)
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15 C
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β−, 2n (0.40%)
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13 C
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16B
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5
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11
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16.03981(6)
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<190×10−12 s [<0.1 MeV]
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n
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15 B
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0−
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17B[n 8]
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5
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12
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17.04699(18)
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5.08(5) ms
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β−, n (63.0%)
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16 C
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(3⁄2−)
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β− (22.1%)
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17 C
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β−, 2n (11.0%)
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15 C
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β−, 3n (3.5%)
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14 C
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β−, 4n (0.40%)
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13 C
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18B
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5
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13
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18.05560(22)
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<26 ns
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n
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17 B
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(4−)
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19B[n 8]
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5
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14
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19.06417(56)
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2.92(13) ms
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β−
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19 C
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(3⁄2−)
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20B[4]
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5
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15
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20.07451(59)
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> 912.4 ys
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n
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19 B
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(1−, 2-)
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21B[4]
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5
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16
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21.08415(60)
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> 760 ys
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2n
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19 B
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(3⁄2−)
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关闭
畫上#號的數據代表沒有經過實驗的証明,僅為理論推測。
Subsequently decays by double proton emission to 4He for a net reaction of 7B → 4He + 3 1H
immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of 9B → 2 4He + 1H
Immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of 12B → 3 4He + e−
硼-8是一种硼的同位素,会通过β+衰变衰变成铍-8,半衰期771.9毫秒。它有一个质子组成的核晕。[5]虽然太阳中微子只有少部分(80 ppm)源自硼-8的衰变,但硼-8衰变产生的中微子有约10 MeV的高能量,[6]是直接探测暗物质的实验中重要的背景。[7]
Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 1990, 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.
Maaß, Bernhard; Müller, Peter; Nörtershäuser, Wilfried; Clark, Jason; Gorges, Christian; Kaufmann, Simon; König, Kristian; Krämer, Jörg; Levand, Anthony; Orford, Rodney; Sánchez, Rodolfo; Savard, Guy; Sommer, Felix. Towards laser spectroscopy of the proton-halo candidate boron-8. Hyperfine Interactions. November 2017, 238 (1): 25. Bibcode:2017HyInt.238...25M. S2CID 254551036. doi:10.1007/s10751-017-1399-5.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and Atomic Weights Revised (2005) (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.