癌胚抗原

癌胚抗原（Carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA）是一種存在於粘膜细胞中的醣蛋白^[1]。通常胎儿发育時癌胚蛋白會在胃肠组织中产生，但在出生後該物質就不再产生。因此健康成人的血液中通常癌胚蛋白的含量非常低（约2-4纳克/毫升）^[2]。然而罹患某些类型的癌症患者的血液中癌胚抗原水平会升高，这意味着人們在篩查癌症時癌胚抗原的含量可以作為檢測指標。重度煙癮者的血液中癌胚抗原的含量也有可能升高^[3]。癌胚蛋白於1965年在結腸癌患者的組織提取物中首次被发现^[4]。

癌胚抗原
鑑定
標誌	CEACAM
膜蛋白數據庫（英语：Membranome）	211

CEA分子通过糖磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）锚定在细胞膜表面，可被Sialyl-Lewis^X（SLeX）特异性岩藻糖基化（英语：Fucosylation）^[5][6][7]。

参考文献

1. Gutcare. 异常健康检查. [2021-06-10]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-10）.
2. A sandwich electrochemical immunosensor using magnetic DNA nanoprobes for carcinoembryonic antigen. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2011-10-28, 12 (11): 7410–23. PMC 3233412 . PMID 22174606. doi:10.3390/ijms12117410.
3. Carcinoembryonic antigen as a marker for colorectal cancer: is it clinically useful?. Clinical Chemistry. April 2001, 47 (4): 624–30. PMID 11274010.
4. Demonstration of tumor-specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. March 1965, 121 (3): 439–62. PMC 2137957 . PMID 14270243. doi:10.1084/jem.121.3.439.
5. Thomas SN, Zhu F, Schnaar RL, Alves CS, Konstantopoulos K. Carcinoembryonic antigen and CD44 variant isoforms cooperate to mediate colon carcinoma cell adhesion to E- and L-selectin in shear flow. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. June 2008, 283 (23): 15647–55. PMC 2414264 . PMID 18375392. doi:10.1074/jbc.M800543200.
6. Konstantopoulos K, Thomas SN. Cancer cells in transit: the vascular interactions of tumor cells. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. 2009, 11: 177–202. PMID 19413512. doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-061008-124949.
7. Thomas SN, Tong Z, Stebe KJ, Konstantopoulos K. Identification, characterization and utilization of tumor cell selectin ligands in the design of colon cancer diagnostics. Biorheology. 2009, 46 (3): 207–25. PMID 19581728. doi:10.3233/BIR-2009-0534.