獵人赫恩

獵人赫恩（Herne the Hunter）是傳說中出沒于英國伯克郡溫莎森林和溫莎大公園的一個幽靈，其頭上長著鹿角。首次書面提及獵人赫恩的文獻是莎士比亞1597年出版的《溫莎的風流孃兒們》，不過最早的版本中書寫為“Horne”^[1]，後來赫恩又多次出現於其他著作和媒體中。而起具體的起源還有爭議。

關於獵人赫恩的起源有許多種說法，而還有更多的傳說沒有佐證。在R. Lowe Thompson1929年著作《The History of the Devil – The Horned God of the West Herne》中，作者認為獵人赫恩和其他歐中傳說中的鬼獵人來源相同，并認為“Herne”可能與高盧人的神祇瑟農諾斯之名起源相同。^[2] 一些現代的異教例如威卡教相信這一說法，並將獵人赫恩與神瑟農諾斯畫上了等號。^[3] 但實際上赫恩只是出現於伯克郡內，其他地區並沒有相關記載。與之相對，瑟農諾斯也從沒有在英國本土傳說中出現過。^[4] 赫恩與瑟農諾斯可能確實有相同的語根*ker-n-（意思是骨頭或角），但更加相似的來源是古英語的“hyrne”，意即“角落”或“角”。^[5]^[6]^[7]

在中世紀前期，溫莎森林是在盎格魯撒克遜人的控制下的，此地同時也被用來祭祀他們的神沃登（有角）等。有人認為“Herne”是來自沃登的一個頭銜“Herian”。^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

在莎士比亞和薩繆爾·艾爾蘭都將赫恩當做一個真實存在的歷史人物來描述。因為根據傳說，獵人赫恩可能是亨利八世時一個叫做理查德·赫恩（Richard Horne）的自耕農的幽靈，此人因在樹林中非法狩獵而被捕。最早支持這個說法的人是詹姆斯·哈利韋爾-菲利普斯。^[13]

[1]
Jeffrey Theis, The "ill kill'd" Deer: Poaching and Social Order in The Merry Wives of Windsor, Texas Studies in Literature and Language 43.1 (2001) 46–73.
[2]
The History of the Devil by R. Lowe Thompson, 1920, page. 133
[3]
'Simple Wicca: A simple wisdom book' by Michele Morgan, Conari, 2000, ISBN 1-57324-199-7, ISBN 978-1-57324-199-1as
[4]
Ronald Hutton, The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy, People of the Mist (chpt 5)
[5]
Shipley, Joseph Twadell. 'Dictionary of Early English'. Philosophical Library, 1955. Page 330.
[6]
存档副本 (PDF). [2008-11-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-02-25）.
[7]
Bosworth, Joseph.A Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language, Containing the Accentuation—the Grammatical Inflections—the Irregular Words Referred to Their Themes—the Parallel Terms, from the Other Gothic Languages—the Meaning of the Anglo-Saxon in English and Latin—and Copious English and Latin Indexes ... Published by Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1838. Page 189.
[8]
Matthews, John. The Quest for the Green Man. Published by Quest Books, 2001. ISBN 0-8356-0825-5, ISBN 978-0-8356-0825-1. Page 116
[9]
Spence, Lewis. Hero Tales and Legends of the Rhine. BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2007. ISBN 1-4346-2755-1, ISBN 978-1-4346-2755-1. page 68
[10]
De Berard Mills. Bardeen, C.W.'The Tree of Mythology, Its Growth and Fruitage: Genesis of The Nursery Tale, Saws of Folk-lore, etc'. 1889
[11]
De Vries, Eric. 'Hedge-Rider: Witches and the Underworld'. Pendraig Publishing, 2008. ISBN 0-9796168-7-5, ISBN 978-0-9796168-7-7
[12]
Greenwood, Susan.' The Nature of Magic: An Anthropology of Consciousness'. Berg Publishers, 2005. ISBN 1-84520-095-0, ISBN 978-1-84520-095-4. Page 120
[13]
Hedley, Windsor Castle, 93.

Fitch, Eric (1994). In Search of Herne the Hunter. Capall Bann Publishing. ISBN 978-1-898307-23-5.
Ireland, Samuel (1792). Picturesque Views on the River Thames.
Petry, Michael John (1972). Herne the Hunter: A Berkshire Legend. William Smith (Booksellers) Ltd. ISBN 978-0-9500218-8-1.

[1] [1]
Jeffrey Theis, The "ill kill'd" Deer: Poaching and Social Order in The Merry Wives of Windsor, Texas Studies in Literature and Language 43.1 (2001) 46–73.

[2] [2]
The History of the Devil by R. Lowe Thompson, 1920, page. 133

[3] [3]
'Simple Wicca: A simple wisdom book' by Michele Morgan, Conari, 2000, ISBN 1-57324-199-7, ISBN 978-1-57324-199-1as

[4] [4]
Ronald Hutton, The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy, People of the Mist (chpt 5)

[5] [5]
Shipley, Joseph Twadell. 'Dictionary of Early English'. Philosophical Library, 1955. Page 330.

[6] [6]
存档副本 (PDF). [2008-11-02]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2009-02-25）.

[7] [7]
Bosworth, Joseph.A Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language, Containing the Accentuation—the Grammatical Inflections—the Irregular Words Referred to Their Themes—the Parallel Terms, from the Other Gothic Languages—the Meaning of the Anglo-Saxon in English and Latin—and Copious English and Latin Indexes ... Published by Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1838. Page 189.

[8] [8]
Matthews, John. The Quest for the Green Man. Published by Quest Books, 2001. ISBN 0-8356-0825-5, ISBN 978-0-8356-0825-1. Page 116

[spence-9] [9]
Spence, Lewis. Hero Tales and Legends of the Rhine. BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2007. ISBN 1-4346-2755-1, ISBN 978-1-4346-2755-1. page 68

[bardeen-10] [10]
De Berard Mills. Bardeen, C.W.'The Tree of Mythology, Its Growth and Fruitage: Genesis of The Nursery Tale, Saws of Folk-lore, etc'. 1889

[11] [11]
De Vries, Eric. 'Hedge-Rider: Witches and the Underworld'. Pendraig Publishing, 2008. ISBN 0-9796168-7-5, ISBN 978-0-9796168-7-7

[12] [12]
Greenwood, Susan.' The Nature of Magic: An Anthropology of Consciousness'. Berg Publishers, 2005. ISBN 1-84520-095-0, ISBN 978-1-84520-095-4. Page 120

[13] [13]
Hedley, Windsor Castle, 93.

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獵人赫恩

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