沒有土地！沒有房屋！不去投票！

「沒有土地！沒有房屋！不去投票！」（英文："No Land! No House! No Vote!"），是南非許多社會運動的名稱和使用的口號，呼籲如政府不改善貧民的切身問題，就不應參與政黨政治及投票^[1]。

「沒有土地！沒有房屋！不去投票！」的標語最早是為南非的全國性社會組織無土地人民運動（英语：Landless Peoples Movement）於2004年採用^[2]。此運動起初名為「沒有土地！不去投票！運動」（英文：No Land! No Vote! campaign），組織成員為無土地人民運動及國家土地委員會（英语：National Land Committee）（英文：National Land Committee）。他們認為由於選民必須登記住址才能投票，所以如果人民的產權沒有被保障，他們根本無法投票^[3]。國際特赦組織曾報導指有「沒有土地！不去投票！運動」成員在2004年南非大選（英语：South African general election, 2004）期間受酷刑折磨^[4]。

2006年，西開普省反迫遷運動（英语：Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign）和棚戶運動（英语：Abahlali baseMjondolo）加入抵制地方政府選舉（英语：South African municipal election, 2006）^[5]。西開普省反迫遷運動於選舉日在開普敦舉行遊行，並指他們會投棄權票；棚戶運動又於選舉日遊行，舉出「沒有土地！沒有房屋！不去投票！」的標語，但是次遊行被指是非法，遭到警方（英语：South African Police）鎮壓^[6]^[2]。

2008年，南非社會組織無土地人民運動、西開普省反迫遷運動、棚戶運動和農地網絡（英文：Rural Network）組成了貧民聯盟（英语：Poor People's Alliance），該聯盟於2009年投票通過抵制大選，並以「沒有土地！沒有房屋！不去投票！」作為標語^[7]。該年，參與抵制大選的組織遭受到競選政黨和警方嚴厲的壓制。於2009年2月8日，南非警察被指涉嫌毆打一名抵制大選的居民；警方指他干擾選民登記的進行^[8]^[9]，但有說法指這是和他參與貧民聯盟的抵制大選運動有關^[10]。

於2011年，其他類似組織，包括無土地人民運動、西開普省反迫遷運動、南非待業人民運動（英语：South African Unemployed Peoples' Movement）、我們共同成長（英语：Sikhula Sonke）及曼德拉公園後院之友（英语：Mandela Park Backyarders），聯合棚戶運動，呼籲抵制地方政府選舉（英语：South African municipal election, 2011）^[11]^[12]^[13]。一些地方社區組織也在威廉王城^[14]、菲克斯堡^[15]、格拉罕鎮^[16]等城鎮舉行了拒絕投票運動。在是次選舉，一共有42%的已登記選民沒有投票^[17]。

參與「沒有土地！沒有房屋！不去投票！」運動的人指出有各種理由抵制選舉^[18]。他們指出自己自1994年以來均有投票，但至今仍看不到任何積極的結果^[19]^[20]，而且政客都很腐敗，沒有代表窮人的政黨^[21] 。他們又認為選舉過程本身就是不民主的，窮人應為自己發聲^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26]。

參與抵制投票的人提出了一些類似的口號，例如「沒有工作！」、「沒有電力！」、「沒有水！」、「沒被尊重！」、「沒有自由！」等，呼籲抵制投票^[27]^[28]^[29]^[30]。芝加哥反迫遷運動（英文：Chicago Anti-Eviction Campaign）也使用了類似的口號「沒房屋不投票」（英文："No House No Vote"）^[31]。

南非總統雅各布·祖馬批評此口號及抵制投票的運動，指不投票是剝奪了非洲人國民大會成員為人民奮鬥謀取得來的自由^[32]。

[1]
By Voting We Are Only Choosing Our Oppressors （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Soundz of the South
[2]
"No Vote" Campaigns are not a Rejection of Democracy. Mail and Guardian. [2014-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-31）.
[3]
An anatomy of new power. Mail and Guardian. [2014-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-24）.
[4]
2005 Annual Report for South Africa. Amnesty International. （原始内容存档于2008-11-29）.
[5]
Battle to be Heard Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2012-07-18, by Carol Paton, Financial Mail, 17 February 2006
[6]
Sekwanele! (Enough is enough!): Post-apartheid land and housing struggles. Pambazuka. [2014-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-03）.
[7]
Resistance Not Ballots; Mass Organisation Not Authoritarian Leaders 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-06-08., Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front, 9 May 2010
[8]
AEC members tear gassed, beaten and arrested; residents lay blame on ANC. Anti-Eviction Campaign. （原始内容存档于2009-02-13）.
[9]
Elections: A Dangerous Time for Poor People's Movements in South Africa. SACSIS. [2014-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-04-28）.
[10]
8 Landless People's Movement Comrades Under Arrest in Johannesburg. Landless Peoples Movement. （原始内容存档于2011-07-20）.
[11]
SOUTH AFRICA: Poor people's movement draws government wrath （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, IRIN,UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 22 April 2010
[12]
W Cape voters ‘not predictable’ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Quinton Mtyala and Babalo Ndenze, The Cape Argus, 18 May 2011
[13]
‘No Land! No House! No Vote!’ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Mercury, By SINEGUGU NDLOVU AND BRONWYN FOURIE, 19 May 2011
[14]
We won’t vote for ‘a stranger’ 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-05-25., Vuvu Vena, The Daily Dispatch, 19 May 2011
[15]
Disillusioned voters snub Ficksburg poll （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Kwanele Sosibo, Mail & Guardian, 20 May 2011
[16]
Unhappy Tantyi residents stay away from polls Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2012-08-02 by Thembeni Plaatjie, Grocott's Mail, 20 May 2011
[17]
Elephant will ignore the DA ‘ant’ at its own peril （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, AUBREY MATSHIQI, Business Day, 23 May 2011
[18]
The Thoroughly Democratic Logic of Refusing to Vote （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, SACSIS, 2 April 2009
[19]
'No house, no jobs – no vote'. News24. （原始内容存档于2009-03-01）.
[20]
South Africa: 'No Land! No House! No Vote!' 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-07-26., News & Letters, May – June 2011
[21]
SA's poor must shun the polls （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Andile Mngxitama,Mail & Guardian, 2011
[22]
The No Land, No House, No Vote Campaign Still on for 2009 (PDF). SARPN.^{[永久失效連結]}
[23]
"No Vote" Campaigns are not a Rejection of Democracy, November 2005. Abahlali baseMjondolo. [2014-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-31）.
[24]
Anti Eviction Campaign urges poor to boycott elections. Cape Times.
[25]
Apathetic youth a thing of the past. The Mercury.
[26]
The revolt of South Africa’s untouchables （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Pedro Alexis Tabensky, Pambazuka, March 2011
[27]
No electricity, no vote, say protesters （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Mail & Guardian, 30 October 2008
[28]
Devastating Fire in RR Section Khayelitsha – No Electricity! No Vote! （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Abahlali.org
[29]
Invitation to All Those Seeking Political Office to Come Down to the People （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Abahlali.org, 18 March 2011
[30]
Abahlali baseMjondolo to March on the KwaZulu/Natal Premier on Human Rights Days （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Abahlali.org, 18 March 2011
[31]
Chicago Communities Demand Eviction Moratorium （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by MILES KAMPF-LASSIN, In these Times, 10 August 2012
[32]
Zuma, Malema gun for votes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Paddy Harper, City Press, 8 May 2011

[1] [1]
By Voting We Are Only Choosing Our Oppressors （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Soundz of the South

[#1-2] [2]
"No Vote" Campaigns are not a Rejection of Democracy. Mail and Guardian. [2014-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-31）.

[3] [3]
An anatomy of new power. Mail and Guardian. [2014-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-24）.

[4] [4]
2005 Annual Report for South Africa. Amnesty International. （原始内容存档于2008-11-29）.

[5] [5]
Battle to be Heard Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2012-07-18, by Carol Paton, Financial Mail, 17 February 2006

[6] [6]
Sekwanele! (Enough is enough!): Post-apartheid land and housing struggles. Pambazuka. [2014-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2012-08-03）.

[7] [7]
Resistance Not Ballots; Mass Organisation Not Authoritarian Leaders 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-06-08., Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front, 9 May 2010

[8] [8]
AEC members tear gassed, beaten and arrested; residents lay blame on ANC. Anti-Eviction Campaign. （原始内容存档于2009-02-13）.

[9] [9]
Elections: A Dangerous Time for Poor People's Movements in South Africa. SACSIS. [2014-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2011-04-28）.

[10] [10]
8 Landless People's Movement Comrades Under Arrest in Johannesburg. Landless Peoples Movement. （原始内容存档于2011-07-20）.

[11] [11]
SOUTH AFRICA: Poor people's movement draws government wrath （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, IRIN,UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, 22 April 2010

[12] [12]
W Cape voters ‘not predictable’ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Quinton Mtyala and Babalo Ndenze, The Cape Argus, 18 May 2011

[13] [13]
‘No Land! No House! No Vote!’ （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The Mercury, By SINEGUGU NDLOVU AND BRONWYN FOURIE, 19 May 2011

[14] [14]
We won’t vote for ‘a stranger’ 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-05-25., Vuvu Vena, The Daily Dispatch, 19 May 2011

[15] [15]
Disillusioned voters snub Ficksburg poll （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Kwanele Sosibo, Mail & Guardian, 20 May 2011

[16] [16]
Unhappy Tantyi residents stay away from polls Archive.is的存檔，存档日期2012-08-02 by Thembeni Plaatjie, Grocott's Mail, 20 May 2011

[17] [17]
Elephant will ignore the DA ‘ant’ at its own peril （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, AUBREY MATSHIQI, Business Day, 23 May 2011

[18] [18]
The Thoroughly Democratic Logic of Refusing to Vote （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, SACSIS, 2 April 2009

[19] [19]
'No house, no jobs – no vote'. News24. （原始内容存档于2009-03-01）.

[20] [20]
South Africa: 'No Land! No House! No Vote!' 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-07-26., News & Letters, May – June 2011

[21] [21]
SA's poor must shun the polls （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Andile Mngxitama,Mail & Guardian, 2011

[22] [22]
The No Land, No House, No Vote Campaign Still on for 2009 (PDF). SARPN.^{[永久失效連結]}

[23] [23]
"No Vote" Campaigns are not a Rejection of Democracy, November 2005. Abahlali baseMjondolo. [2014-07-14]. （原始内容存档于2018-01-31）.

[24] [24]
Anti Eviction Campaign urges poor to boycott elections. Cape Times.

[25] [25]
Apathetic youth a thing of the past. The Mercury.

[26] [26]
The revolt of South Africa’s untouchables （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Pedro Alexis Tabensky, Pambazuka, March 2011

[27] [27]
No electricity, no vote, say protesters （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Mail & Guardian, 30 October 2008

[28] [28]
Devastating Fire in RR Section Khayelitsha – No Electricity! No Vote! （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Abahlali.org

[29] [29]
Invitation to All Those Seeking Political Office to Come Down to the People （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Abahlali.org, 18 March 2011

[30] [30]
Abahlali baseMjondolo to March on the KwaZulu/Natal Premier on Human Rights Days （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Abahlali.org, 18 March 2011

[31] [31]
Chicago Communities Demand Eviction Moratorium （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, by MILES KAMPF-LASSIN, In these Times, 10 August 2012

[32] [32]
Zuma, Malema gun for votes （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Paddy Harper, City Press, 8 May 2011

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沒有土地！沒有房屋！不去投票！

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歷史

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參考