氟化铜

氟化铜、氟化铜(II)，是化学式为CuF₂的无机化合物。它是白色潮解晶体，为金红石结构，与其他通式为MF₂的氟化物类似。

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氧气存在下，芳香烃与氟化铜在450 °C以上反应可用于制取氟代芳烃，比桑德迈尔反应简单的多，但只适用于对热稳定的化合物。^[2]

氟化铜可由铜与氟气在400 °C反应制得：

Cu + F₂ → CuF₂

950 °C以上熔融态失氟：

2CuF₂ → 2CuF + F₂

2CuF → CuF₂ + Cu

氟化铜可与氟离子（F⁻）配合生成CuF₃⁻、CuF₄²⁻和CuF₆⁴⁻。

[1]
《元素单质化学反应手册》P768
[2]
M. A. Subramanian, L. E. Manzer. A "Greener" Synthetic Route for Fluoroaromatics via Copper (II) Fluoride. Science. 2002, 297: 1665. doi:10.1126/science.1076397.

C. Billy, H. M. Haendler. The Crystal Structure of Copper(II) Fluoride. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1957, 79: 1049–51. doi:10.1021/ja01562a011.
P. C. de Mello, M. Hehenberg, S. Larson, M. Zerner. Studies of the electronic structure of copper fluorides and copper chlorides. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1980, 102: 1278–1288. doi:10.1021/ja00524a010.
H. M. Haendler, L. H. Towle, E. F. Bennett, W. L. Patterson. The Reaction of Fluorine with Copper and Some of its Compounds. Some Properties of Copper(II) Fluoride. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1954, 76: 2178 – 2179. doi:10.1021/ja01637a039.
T. C. Ehlert, J. S. Wang. Thermochemistry of the copper fluorides. Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1977, 81: 2069 – 2073. doi:10.1021/j100537a005.

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