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梭子蟹總科（学名Portunoidea），是短尾次目（螃蟹）的其中一個總科級的分类阶元，其下包括梭子蟹科及其他科[1][2]，皆為海洋生物[3]。其他文獻尚有其他科保留在本總科，但在分子系统发生学分析之後，有可能對現時這些在分類上的爭議有變更[1]。
本總科的成員具有扁平及光滑的頭胸甲，而且殼的橫向比縱向寬，呈六边形、近似 六边形、矩形，又或鵝卵形。 It is usually widest between the hindmost spines of the forward rim; there may be up to 9 pairs of these spines, with a few smaller ones right above the head, but they are missing altogether in some 物种.[4]
In some, the first 附肢's 腿 (节肢动物) is lobed, forming the characteristic portunid lobe. The chelipeds are usually robust, and in some the last pereiopod pair has ovate dactyls. The sutures of the sternum between segments 4 to 8 are usually incomplete, and in the Portunidae, the eighth sternite is usually visible if seen from below and has a penial groove.[4]
雄蟹的腹體節若不是全自由活動的話，就是其第三節到第五節已融合在一起，但often retaining the sutures though. The first gonopod is strongly curved, with a swollen and strongly hooked base.[4]
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梭子蟹總科與扇蟹總科[4]，過往被劃歸扇蟹總科的六足蟹科及Mathildellidae，在某些分類會劃歸梭子蟹總科；而在深海生活的怪蟹科一般都會劃歸梭子蟹總科，但亦有分類把它放在扇蟹總科之下。所有梭子蟹總科的物種均在海洋生活，除了現時已獨立成單獨總科的毛子蟹科（Trichodactylidae）有部份是在淡水生活。
According to the latest synopsis, there are eleven families in the superfamily Portunoidea, four of which are extinct:[1]
- Carcinidae
- Carcineretidae (extinct)
- Catoptridae
- 怪蟹科 Geryonidae
- Lithophylacidae (extinct)
- Longusorbiidae (extinct)
- Macropipidae
- Pirimelidae
- 梭子蟹科 Portunidae
- Psammocarcinidae (extinct)
- 指甲蟹科 Thiidae Dana, 1852：原屬黃道蟹總科[2]
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