干擾因素(英語:confounder、confound或confounding variable),又稱為干擾因子、干擾變量、混淆變量、共變因等,在统计学和因果關係中是指會同時影響自变量和因变量,導致出現偽關係的一種變量。在不嚴謹的語境下,干擾因子也可以指所有未知變數(lurking variable),包括中介變因和對撞變因。干擾因子會造成偽關係,是相關不蘊涵因果的原因之一。[1][2][3]
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