小农

小农（英語：Smallholding、Smallholder、Small farm）指的是小规模的农业生产者。小农有许多不同的方式定义^[1]。小农的耕种范围通常较小，可能在2公顷左右^[2]。小农通常由一个家庭单位进行劳动，收入也供养一个家庭单位。但是家庭农场不一定是小农，因为家庭农场可能规模化经营^[2]。小农通常混合耕种粮食作物与经济作物。小农是前资本主义时代农业生产的主要形式。

有报告估计小农生产了全世界30%左右的粮食^[2]。

小規模農業常常與工業化農業關係緊張，工業化農業透過增加產量、單一耕作、在大型農業經營下整合土地和規模經濟來提高效率。某些勞力密集經濟作物，例如加納或科特迪瓦的可可生產，嚴重依賴小農；截至 2008 年，全球 90% 的可可是由小農種植的。^[3]這些農民 60% 至 90% 的收入依賴可可。^[4]咖啡、棕櫚油和香蕉等其他作物的供應鏈也有類似趨勢。^[5]在其他市場，小規模農業可以增加糧食系統對小農戶的投資，進而改善糧食安全。如今，一些公司試圖將小農場納入其價值鏈，提供種子、飼料或肥料來提高產量。^[6]

[1]
Khalil, Clara Aida; Conforti, Piero; Ergin, Ipek; Gennari, Pietro. Defining Small-Scale Food Producers to Monitor Target 2.3. of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (PDF) (报告). 联合国粮农组织. June 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-05）.
[2]
Smallholders produce one-third of the world's food, less than half of what many headlines claim. Our World in Data. [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25）.
[3]
How many smallholders are there worldwide producing cocoa? What proportion of cocoa worldwide is produced by smallholders?. International Cocoa Organization. 27 March 2012 [2020-10-17]. （原始内容存档于Oct 20, 2020）.
[4]
Why Sustainable Cocoa Farming Matters for Rural Development. www.csis.org. 6 September 2012 [2020-11-30] （英语）.
[5]
Schneider, Kate; Gugerty, Mary Kay. Impact of Export-Driven Cash Crops on Smallholder Households (报告). Evans School Policy Analysis and Research. August 17, 2010.
[6]
Christina Gradl; et al. Promising agribusiness. dandc.eu. March 2013.

[:1-1] [1]
Khalil, Clara Aida; Conforti, Piero; Ergin, Ipek; Gennari, Pietro. Defining Small-Scale Food Producers to Monitor Target 2.3. of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (PDF) (报告). 联合国粮农组织. June 2017 [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-05）.

[:0-2] [2]
Smallholders produce one-third of the world's food, less than half of what many headlines claim. Our World in Data. [2023-05-21]. （原始内容存档于2023-05-25）.

[3] [3]
How many smallholders are there worldwide producing cocoa? What proportion of cocoa worldwide is produced by smallholders?. International Cocoa Organization. 27 March 2012 [2020-10-17]. （原始内容存档于Oct 20, 2020）.

[4] [4]
Why Sustainable Cocoa Farming Matters for Rural Development. www.csis.org. 6 September 2012 [2020-11-30] （英语）.

[5] [5]
Schneider, Kate; Gugerty, Mary Kay. Impact of Export-Driven Cash Crops on Smallholder Households (报告). Evans School Policy Analysis and Research. August 17, 2010.

[6] [6]
Christina Gradl; et al. Promising agribusiness. dandc.eu. March 2013.

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小农

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