大到不能倒

大到不能倒（英語：too big to fail，縮寫：TBTF）是一個經濟學上的概念，指當一些規模極大或在產業中具有關鍵性重要地位的企業瀕臨破產時，政府不能等閒視之，甚至要不惜以公帑相救，投入人民血汗錢來維持那些巨頭的運作，避免倒閉後所掀起的連鎖反應造成社會整體更嚴重的傷害，這種情況即稱為「大到不能倒」。

美國紐約波基普西儲蓄銀行大樓的舊金庫被聯邦參議員伯尼·桑德斯的競選團隊人員裝飾，貼上「如果一家銀行大到不能倒，那麼它就大到不該存在。」

事例

2008年，環球金融危機爆发后，美國國際集團（AIG）陷入財困，聯邦儲備局給予850億美元借貸，避免金融機構出現骨牌式的倒閉。

延伸閱讀

• Big Bank Takeover: How Too-Big-To-Fail's Army of Lobbyists Has Captured Washington (PDF). 2009-05-11 [2018-11-10]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2011-01-07）.
• Carping about the TARP: Congress wrangles over how best to avoid financial Armageddon. The Economist. 2008-09-23 [2018-11-10]. （原始内容存档于2009-09-25）.
• Kaufman, George G. Are Some Banks Too Large to Fail? Myth and Reality. Contemporary Economic Policy. 1990, 8 (4): 1–14. doi:10.1111/j.1465-7287.1990.tb00298.x.
• Mishkin, Frederic S. How Big a Problem is Too Big to Fail? A Review of Gary Stern and Ron Feldman's Too Big to Fail: The Hazards of Bank Bailouts. Journal of Economic Literature. 2006, 44 (4): 988–1004. doi:10.1257/002205106779436233.
• O'Hara, Maureen; Shaw, Wayne. Deposit Insurance and Wealth Effects: The Value of Being 'Too Big to Fail'. Journal of Finance (American Finance Association). 1990, 45 (5): 1587–1600. JSTOR 2328751. doi:10.2307/2328751.
• Stern, Gary H.; Feldman, Ron J. Too Big to Fail: The Hazards of Bank Bailouts. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 2004. ISBN 0-8157-8152-0.
• Moseley, Fred. Time for Permanent Nationalization. Dollars & Sense. January–February 2009 [2009-02-25]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-14）.
• Who is Too Big to Fail?: Does Title II of the Dodd–Frank Act Enshrine Taxpayer Funded Bailouts?: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, May 15, 2013
• Who Is Too Big To Fail: Are Large Financial Institutions Immune from Federal Prosecution?: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House Of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, May 22, 2013
• Federal Reserve - List of Banks with Assets Greater than $10 billion（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

參見

• 系統重要性金融機構
• 財閥
• 2007年–2008年環球金融危機