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生物的單次繁殖和多次繁殖（Semelparity and iteroparity）是指動物物種的繁殖策略。單次繁殖的動物一生只會繁殖一次，然後死亡；而多次繁殖的動物終其一生可進行多次繁殖行為。
- De Wreede, R.E, and T. Klinger. Reproductive strategies in algae. pp. 267–276 in: Plant Reproductive Ecology: Patterns and Strategies. J.L Lovett-Doust & L.L Lovett-Doust (eds). Oxford University Press.
- Fritz, R.S., N.E. Stamp, and T.G. Halverson. 1982. Iteroparity and semelparity in insects. The American Naturalist 120:264-68.
- Ranta, E., D. Tesar, and V. Kaitala. 2002. Environmental variability and semelparity vs. iteroparity as life histories. Journal of Theoretical Biology 217:391-398.
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