塞巴斯蒂安·勒普雷斯特·德·沃邦（法語：Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban，法语发音：[sebastjɛ̃ lə pʁɛstʁ də vobɑ̃]；1633年5月1日—1707年3月30日），法國元帅，著名的軍事工程師。著有《论要塞的攻击与防御》、《筑城论文集》等。
事实速览 塞巴斯蒂安·勒普雷斯特·德·沃邦, 出生 ...
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早年參與投石黨叛亂（1648-1653年），被政府軍俘虜後歸順，十几岁入伍，八次受伤，升至元帅和首席军事工程师，1655年成為國王的常任工程師。1658年任圍攻格拉沃利讷城的總工程師。路易十四統治時期大小戰役他無所不與。他的築城理論體系對歐洲軍事學術的影響長達一個世紀以上。
沃邦先后领导建筑要塞33座，改造300座，指挥过53次要塞围攻战。有系統改進并創新了要塞的建筑，他設計的五边形的稜堡（菱堡）在歐洲火炮逐漸盛行的十七世紀及以后影響至深。而在當時，他綜合的攻擊要塞的方法更加著名。在1673年，他用一系列平行要塞的塹壕和伸向要塞的蛇形交通壕，攻克了荷蘭馬斯特里赫特要塞。直到20世紀，這仍然是堡壘攻擊的標準方法。
槍口上插固定刺刀的辦法为他發明，改變以往每當射擊時必須取下刺刀的做法。
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