埃尔·格列柯

埃爾·格列柯（西班牙語：El Greco，1541年—1614年4月7日），西班牙文藝復興時期畫家、雕塑家與建築家。「埃爾·格列柯」在西班牙文中意為「希臘人」，是依格列柯的希臘血統而取的別名；格列柯在畫作上通常署名以希臘文本名多米尼克·提托克波洛斯（希腊语：Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος，西班牙语：Doménikos Theotokópoulos）。

埃爾·格列柯
《一名老人的肖像》（推測為埃爾·格列柯之自畫像），約1595年–1600年，油彩 / 帆布，52.7 × 46.7 cm，美國紐約大都會藝術博物館
出生	多米尼克·提托克波洛斯 Doménikos Theotokópoulos 1541年 威尼斯共和國克里特
逝世	1614年4月7日（72–73歲） 西班牙托雷多
国籍	西班牙 / 希臘
知名于	繪畫、雕塑、建築
知名作品	《脫掉基督的外衣》 (1577–1579) 《聖母昇天》 (1577–1579) 《歐貴茲伯爵的葬禮》 (1586–1588) 《托利多風景》 (1596–1600) 《聖馬丁與乞丐》(1597-1599) 《揭開第五印》 (1608–1614)
运动	矯飾主義
影响于 巴勃羅·畢卡索

格列柯出生於後拜占庭藝術時期的克里特，當時為威尼斯共和國所治理。他原受傳統繪畫教育，直到26歲時，和許多希臘藝術家一樣，動身前往威尼斯旅行後畫風丕變^[1]。1570年，格列柯遷居至羅馬，在當地經營一間工作坊、創作了一系列的作品。在此期間，格列柯受到威尼斯文藝復興的薰染，在畫風中融入了矯飾主義。1577年，他轉往西班牙托雷多發展，直到逝世。在托雷多，格列柯接受了些許重要的委託，並創作出他最著名的畫作。

格列柯兼具戲劇性與表現主義的畫風在當代並不受寵，但在20世紀獲肯。格列柯被公認是表現主義及立體主義先驅。格列柯被現代學者視為一極與眾不同、具高度個人色彩的藝術家，不屬任何傳統流派^[2]。他的畫作以彎曲瘦長的身形為特色，用色怪誕而變幻無常，融合了拜占庭傳統與西方繪畫風格^[3]。

著名作品

• 
  天使报喜
• 
  慈善圣母
• 
  圣母无原罪
• 
  基督将货币兑换者赶出圣殿
• 
  基督使盲人复明
• 
  救世主基督
• 
  拉奥孔
• 
  手放在胸前的贵族
• 
  圣方济各接受圣痕
• 
  圣哲罗姆
• 
  圣哲罗姆
• 
  弗雷·霍坦西奥·费利克斯·帕拉维奇诺
• 
  比萨的弗朗西斯科博士肖像
• 
  有胡须者的肖像

引用

1. J. Brown, El Greco of Toledo, 75-77
2. Greco, El. 大英百科全書. 2002.
3. M. Lambraki-Plaka, El Greco—The Greek, 60

參考文獻

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• Pallucchini, Rodolfo. Some Early Works by El Greco. Burlington Magazine (伯林頓雜誌出版有限公司). May 1948, 90 (542): 130–135, 137.
• Panayotakis, Nikolaos M. "The Cretan Period of the Life of Doménicos Theotocópoulos. Festschrift In Honor Of Nikos Svoronos, Volume B. 克里特大學出版. 1986.
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線上資料

• Alberge, Dalya. Collector Is Vindicated as Icon Is Hailed as El Greco. 線上時代雜誌. 2006-08-24 [2006-12-17].
• Berg, Liisa. El Greco in Toledo. [2006-10-14]. （原始内容存档于2009-05-28）.
• Cormack, Robin; Vassilaki Maria. The Baptism of Christ New Light on Early El Greco. 阿波羅雜誌. August 2005 [2006-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-15）. 引文使用过时参数coauthors (帮助)
• Art: Dominick the Greek. Time. January 1941 [2009-08-28]. （原始内容存档于2010-06-26）.
• El Greco. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Department of European Paintings. [2006-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2007-01-12）.
• El Greco Drawings could fetch £400,000. 衛報. 2002-11-23 [2006-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-10）.
• Film on life of painter El Greco planned, Athens. 雅典通訊社. 2006-05-09 [2006-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-11）.
• Greece buys unique El Greco for 1.2 million dollars, Athens. 雅典通訊社. 1995-06-09 [2006-12-07]. （原始内容存档于2007-09-29）.
• Hamerman, Nora. El Greco Paintings Lead Toward 'City of God'. 天主教先驅報. 2003-12-04 [2006-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2007-09-27）.
• Harrison, Helen A. Art Review; Getting in Touch With That Inner El Greco. 紐約時報. 2005-03-20 [2006-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-12）.
• Horsley, Carter B. The Shock of the Old. [2006-10-26]. （原始内容存档于2006-11-12）.
• Irving, Mark. How to Beat the Spanish Inquisition. 週日獨立報. 2004-02-08 [2006-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-13）.
• Jones, Jonathan. The Reluctant Disciple. 衛報. 2004-01-24 [2006-12-18]. （原始内容存档于2006-09-02）.
• Kakissis, Joanna. A Cretan Village that Was the Painter's Birthplace Bridles at a nearby Town's Claim. 波士頓環球報. 2005-03-06 [2006-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2005-03-11）.
• Katimertzi, Paraskevi. Cubism and El Greco (Ta Nea). [2006-12-04]. （原始内容存档于2005-11-27）.
• Kimmelman, Michael. Art Review; El Greco, Bearer Of Many Gifts. 紐約時報. 2003-10-03 [2006-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-11）.
• McGarr, Simon. St Francis Receiving The Stigmata. [2006-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-07）.
• Penny, Nicholas. At the National Gallery. [2006-10-25]. （原始内容存档于2006-12-10）.
• Revelations — The first Major British Retrospective of El Greco Has the Power of a Hand Grenade. 衛報. 2004-02-10 [2006-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2007-10-13）.
• Romaine, James. El Greco's Mystical Vision. [2006-11-24]. （原始内容存档于2006-12-14）.
• Russel, John. Art View; Seeing the Art of El Greco as never before. 紐約時報. 1982-07-18 [2006-12-17]. （原始内容存档于2007-03-11）.

延伸閱讀

• Aznar, José Camón. Dominico Greco. Madrid. 1950.
• Davies, David (Editor), Elliott, John H. (Editor), Bray, Xavier (Contributor), Christiansen, Keith (Contributor), Finaldi, Gabriele (Contributor). El Greco (catalogue). National Gallery London. 2006. ISBN 1-85709-938-9.
• Marias, Fernando. El Greco in Toledo. Scala Publishers. 2005. ISBN 1-85759-210-7.
• Pallucchini, Rodolfo. II Polittico del Greco della R. Gallena Estense e la Formazione dell'Artista (in Italian). Gazzetta dell' Emilia. March 7, 1937, 13: 171–178.
• Prevelakis, Pandelis. Theotocópoulos—Biography (in Greek). Aetos. 1942.
• Rice, Talbot. El Greco and Byzantium. The New York Review of Books (The Burlington Magazine Publications, Ltd.). January 1937, 70 (406): 34+38–39.

外部連結

• 埃爾·格雷考基金會 - 虛擬藝廊 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 生平與旅行. 美國國家藝術館. [2006-10-25]. （原始内容存档于2006-11-10）.
• 埃爾·格雷考. Olga's Gallery. [2007-02-26]. （原始内容存档于2007-02-22）.
• 埃爾·格雷考 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
• 埃爾·格雷考 （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） （希腊文）